Madjedbebe, rock shelter archaeological site in Northern Territory, Australia, that archaeological evidence suggests is among the oldest Aboriginal sites on the continent, with an estimated age of more than 50,000 years. Madjedbebe is located on the western edge of the Arnhem Land plateau about 25

Johann Heinrich von Mädler was a German astronomer who, along with Wilhelm Beer, published the most complete map of the Moon of the time, Mappa Selenographica, 4 vol. (1834–36). It was the first lunar map to be divided into quadrants, and it remained unsurpassed in its detail until J.F. Julius

Christopher Paul Curtis: …a series that later included The Madman of Piney Woods (2014) and The Journey of Little Charlie (2018). The Mighty Miss Malone (2012) is set during the Depression and centres on a 12-year-old girl named Deza Malone, a character that first appeared in Bud, Not Buddy.

José Echegaray y Eizaguirre: …O locura o santidad (1877; Madman or Saint), he showed that honesty is condemned as madness by society. In all his plays his manner is melodramatic. Though forgotten now, he achieved tremendous popularity in his day because of his fertile imagination, which he almost invariably used to compensate for his…

insanity, in criminal law, condition of mental disorder or mental defect that relieves persons of criminal responsibility for their conduct. Tests of insanity used in law are not intended to be scientific definitions of mental disorder; rather, they are expected to identify persons whose incapacity

mental disorder, any illness with significant psychological or behavioral manifestations that is associated with either a painful or distressing symptom or an impairment in one or more important areas of functioning. (Read Sigmund Freud’s 1926 Britannica essay on psychoanalysis.) Mental disorders,

new wave: …infectious; ska revivalists such as Madness and the Specials; genre-hopping Joe Jackson; synthesizer bands such as Human League, Heaven 17, and A Flock of Seagulls; and the so-called New Romantics, including the cosmetics-wearing Duran Duran, Adam and the Ants, and

continental philosophy: Foucault: …implicit in Foucault’s early works Madness and Civilization (1961) and The Order of Things (1966). In the former, he attempted to show how the notion of reason in Western philosophy and science had been defined and applied in terms of the beings—the “other”—it was thought to exclude. In this respect,…

Nicholas Hytner: …time productions he directed included The Madness of George III (1991), whose film version, The Madness of King George (1994), marked Hytner’s film directorial debut, and a hugely successful revival of Carousel (1992), whose subsequent Broadway run garnered five Tony Awards—a best director award for Hytner among them.

The Madness of Heracles, drama by Euripides, performed about 416 bce. The action of the play occurs after Heracles performed the 12 labours. Temporarily driven mad by the goddess Hera, Heracles kills his wife and children. When he recovers his reason, he fights suicidal despair and then is taken to

Nicholas Hytner: …III (1991), whose film version, The Madness of King George (1994), marked Hytner’s film directorial debut, and a hugely successful revival of Carousel (1992), whose subsequent Broadway run garnered five Tony Awards—a best director award for Hytner among them.

Lanford Wilson: Home Free! and The Madness of Lady Bright (published together in 1968) are two one-act plays first performed in 1964; the former involves a pair of incestuous siblings, and the latter features an aging transvestite. Balm in Gilead (1965), Wilson’s first full-length play, is set in a crowded…

Madog Ab Owain Gwynedd was a legendary voyager to America, a son (if he existed at all) of Owain Gwynedd (d. 1170), prince of Gwynedd, in North Wales. A quarrel among Owain’s sons over the distribution of their late father’s estate led Madog to sail to Ireland and then westward. In a year or so he

Paul Muldoon: Poetry: … (1977), Meeting the British (1987), Madoc: A Mystery (1990), The Annals of Chile (1994), New Selected Poems, 1968–94 (1996), Hay (1998), Poems 1968–1998 (2001), Plan B (2009, a collaboration with the photographer Norman McBeath), Maggot (2010), The Word on the Street: Rock Lyrics (2013), One Thousand Things Worth Knowing (2015),…

Madura, island, Jawa Timur provinsi (province), Indonesia, off the northeastern coast of Java and separated from the city of Surabaya by a narrow, shallow channel. The island, which covers an area of 2,042 square miles (5,290 square km), has an undulating surface rising to 700 feet (210 metres) in

Bernie Madoff was an American hedge-fund investment manager and former chairman of the NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) stock market. He was best known for operating history’s largest Ponzi scheme, a financial swindle in which early investors are repaid with

Bernie Madoff was an American hedge-fund investment manager and former chairman of the NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) stock market. He was best known for operating history’s largest Ponzi scheme, a financial swindle in which early investors are repaid with

Madog Ab Owain Gwynedd was a legendary voyager to America, a son (if he existed at all) of Owain Gwynedd (d. 1170), prince of Gwynedd, in North Wales. A quarrel among Owain’s sons over the distribution of their late father’s estate led Madog to sail to Ireland and then westward. In a year or so he

Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr: …12th century, court poet to Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, and then to Madog’s enemy Owain Gwynedd, prince of Gwynedd. Cynddelw was also court poet to Owain Cyfeiliog and is thought to be the author of poems traditionally attributed to Owain.

Le Madonie, mountain range in Palermo provincia, northwest-central Sicily. The range extends for 30 miles (48 km) between the Torto River and the Nebrodi Mountains. Of limestone formation, its highest peaks are Antenna Peak, 6,480 feet (1,975 m), and Carbonara Peak, 6,493 feet (1,979 m). The

Le Madonie, mountain range in Palermo provincia, northwest-central Sicily. The range extends for 30 miles (48 km) between the Torto River and the Nebrodi Mountains. Of limestone formation, its highest peaks are Antenna Peak, 6,480 feet (1,975 m), and Carbonara Peak, 6,493 feet (1,979 m). The

Edvard Munch: Paintings of love and death: of individuality is Madonna (1894), which shows a naked woman with her head thrown back in ecstasy, her eyes closed, and a red halo-like shape above her flowing black hair. This may be understood as the moment of conception, but there is more than a hint of death…

Madonna is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and entrepreneur whose immense popularity in the 1980s and ’90s allowed her to achieve levels of power and control that were nearly unprecedented for a woman in the entertainment industry. A major pop culture icon, Madonna is also known for her

Madonna, in Christian art, depiction of the Virgin Mary; the term is usually restricted to those representations that are devotional rather than narrative and that show her in a nonhistorical context and emphasize later doctrinal or sentimental significance. The Madonna is accompanied most often by

putto: …century, especially those of the Madonna and Child. With the revival of classical mythological subjects in the late 15th century, Cupid was commonly represented as a putto, and numbers of anonymous putti were frequently depicted in attendance on various immortals.

Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), created between 1534 and 1540. The work depicts the Virgin Mary holding the Christ Child, while a group of youthful figures, typically described as angels, crowd next to her, and a

Andrea del Verrocchio: Paintings and sculptures: …Verrocchio, an altarpiece of the Madonna and Child with Saints in the Donato de’ Medici Chapel of the cathedral at Pistoia, was not completed by the master himself. Largely executed by his pupil Lorenzo di Credi, its handling is inconsistent with that of the Baptism of Christ (c. 1470–75), which…

Castelfranco Veneto: …Giorgione’s finest works, the “Madonna and Child with SS. Francis and Liberale” (1504), as well as frescoes by Paolo Veronese. The town’s manufactures include textiles and electrical apparatus. Pop. (2006 est.) mun., 32,975.

Andrea Solari: …earliest dated work is a Madonna and Child with Saint Joseph and Saint Simeon, with a fine landscape background, executed for the Church of San Pietro Martire at Murano in 1495. The Leonardesque facial type of the Madonna suggests that after his return from Venice Solari was strongly influenced by…

Michelangelo: Early life and works: …one of the reliefs (Madonna and Child with the Infant St. John) are full of motion; they show arms and legs of figures interweaving in actions that imply movement through time. The forms carry symbolic references to Christ’s future death, common in images of the Christ Child at the…

Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), created between 1534 and 1540. The work depicts the Virgin Mary holding the Christ Child, while a group of youthful figures, typically described as angels, crowd next to her, and a

Hans Memling: …donor’s portrait (as in the Madonna and Martin van Nieuwenhove). Many devotional diptychs (two-panel paintings) such as this were painted in 15th-century Flanders. They consist of a portrait of the “donor”—or patron—in one panel, reverently gazing at the Madonna and Child in the other. Such paintings were for the donor’s…

Perugino: Mature work: Bernard, the Madonna and Saints, the Pietà, and the fresco of the Crucifixion for the Florentine convent of Sta. Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi. These works are characterized by ample sculptural figures gracefully posed in simple Renaissance architectural settings, which act as a frame to the images and…

Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), created between 1534 and 1540. The work depicts the Virgin Mary holding the Christ Child, while a group of youthful figures, typically described as angels, crowd next to her, and a

Italian literature: The return to order: …his first narrative work (La Madonna dei filosofi [1931; “The Philosophers’ Madonna”]) published in Solaria, while the first part of his masterpiece, La cognizione del dolore (Acquainted with Grief), was serialized between 1938 and 1941 in Letteratura. Novelists such as Alberto Moravia, Corrado Alvaro (Gente in Aspromonte [1930;

Rome: Sant’Agostino: …at the foot of the Madonna del Parto (“Madonna of Childbirth”; c. 1519), sculpted by Jacopo Sansovino.

Locarno: …including the pilgrimage church of Madonna del Sasso (founded 1480, extended 1616). It is a noted health and tourist resort with a warm Mediterranean climate and numerous hotels and other tourist facilities. There are machinery and electrochemical factories. The population is Italian speaking and Roman Catholic. Pop. (2007 est.) 14,682;…

Tintoretto: Career: Tintoretto’s works for the Madonna dell’Orto, which occupied him for approximately a decade, also give an idea of the evolution of the idiomatic elements of his art. The Presentation of the Virgin Mary in the Temple (c. 1556) was, according to Vasari, “a highly finished work, and the best…

Piero della Francesca: Formative period: The Misericordia Altarpiece shows Piero’s indebtedness to the Florentines Donatello and Masaccio, his fondness for geometric form, and the slowness and deliberation with which he habitually worked—for the Misericordia altarpiece was not completed until 1462.

Fra Angelico: San Domenico period: …apparent in two small altarpieces, Madonna of the Star and The Annunciation.

Andrea Mantegna: Years as court painter in Mantua: In 1495 Francesco ordered the Madonna of the Victory (1496) to commemorate his supposed victory at the Battle of Fornovo. In the last years of his life, Mantegna painted the Parnassus (1497), a picture celebrating the marriage of Isabella d’Este to Francesco Gonzaga in 1490, and Wisdom Overcoming the Vices…

Sangallo family: …the pilgrimage church of the Madonna di San Biago at Montepulciano, a tiny but important cultural centre of Tuscany. An ideal central-plan church (i.e., one symmetrical about a central point) of the High Renaissance, it also is a Greek-cross plan built of travertine and designed with three facades; the west…

Lorenzo Lotto: …the sitter’s character; and the Madonna Enthroned with Four Saints (c. 1540) shows Lotto at the height of his narrative power.

Martin Schongauer: Among these, the Madonna in a Rose Garden (1473), altarpiece of the Church of Saint-Martin in Colmar, ranks first in importance. This work combines monumentality with tenderness, approaching the manner of the great Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden, by whom Schongauer was profoundly influenced. Other paintings by…

lily: Physical description: …elongated tube, as in the Madonna lily (Lilium candidum) and Easter lily (L. longiflorum). Alternatively, the segments may be reflexed (curved back) to form a turban shape, as in the Turk’s cap lily (L. martagon), or they may be less strongly reflexed and form an open cup or bowl shape,…

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: Early life: …such works as the monumental Madonna of Carmelo and the Souls of Purgatory (c. 1720). His artistic education, however, was complex and varied: he examined the works of both Venetian and foreign contemporaries and studied older painters as well, as demonstrated by his large production of etchings after 16th-century subjects.…

Correggio: Early life and career: an altarpiece of the Madonna of St. Francis, was commissioned for San Francesco at Correggio in 1514. The best-known works of his youth are a group of devotional pictures that became increasingly luscious in color. They include the Nativity of Jesus with St. Elisabeth and the Young St. John…

Duccio: Later commissions of Duccio: …enthroned with angels and called The Madonna of the Franciscans because of the three monks kneeling at the foot of the throne. In this work a developed Gothic style appears in the curving outlines, which give an exquisite decorative effect.

Andrea del Sarto: , the celebrated Madonna of the Harpies), just as his self-portraits in the Uffizi and in the National Gallery of Scotland at Edinburgh (both c. 1528) can possibly be extended by several others, more or less hidden in his paintings from 1511 onward. A badly damaged pair of…

Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), created between 1534 and 1540. The work depicts the Virgin Mary holding the Christ Child, while a group of youthful figures, typically described as angels, crowd next to her, and a

Sandro Botticelli: Devotional paintings: …of his most beautiful paintings, The Madonna of the Magnificat (1480–89) and The Madonna of the Pomegranate (c. 1487). Botticelli also painted a few small oblong Madonnas, notably the Madonna of the Book (c. 1480–81),

Sandro Botticelli: Devotional paintings: (1480–89) and The Madonna of the Pomegranate (c. 1487). Botticelli also painted a few small oblong Madonnas, notably the Madonna of the Book (c. 1480–81), but he mostly left the painting of Madonnas and other devotional subjects to his workshop, which produced them in great numbers. In…

The Virgin of the Rocks, two paintings by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the apocryphal legend in which the Holy Family meets St. John the Baptist as they flee to Egypt from Herod’s Massacre of the Innocents. Based on stylistic evidence, many scholars consider the painting in the Louvre to be the

Giovanni Battista Crespi: …portray; an example is “The Madonna of the Rosary” (c. 1615; Brera, Milan).

Stefan Lochner: ” The exquisite “Madonna of the Rose Bower” was painted soon afterward.

Sassetta: …monumental altarpiece of the “Madonna of the Snow,” painted for Siena Cathedral in 1430–32. From this point on, under Gothic influence, Sassetta’s style assumes an increasingly decorative character, manifest initially in a polyptych in San Domenico at Cortona (probably 1437) and reaching its climax in a cycle of scenes…

Michelangelo: Early life and works: …much more than does the Madonna of the Stairs (c. 1491), a delicate low relief that reflects recent fashions among such Florentine sculptors as Desiderio da Settignano.

Fra Angelico: San Domenico period: …apparent in two small altarpieces, Madonna of the Star and The Annunciation.

Andrea Mantegna: Years as court painter in Mantua: In 1495 Francesco ordered the Madonna of the Victory (1496) to commemorate his supposed victory at the Battle of Fornovo. In the last years of his life, Mantegna painted the Parnassus (1497), a picture celebrating the marriage of Isabella d’Este to Francesco Gonzaga in 1490, and Wisdom Overcoming the Vices…

Duccio: Beginnings: Maria Novella, now called the Madonna Rucellai. From the time of Giorgio Vasari, a minor Florentine Renaissance painter who was the earliest, and probably the most influential, biographer of early Italian artists, this altarpiece, which was the largest yet painted, was considered to be a masterpiece of the Florentine painter…

Madonna Surrounded by Seraphim and Cherubim, painting that was made as the right-hand panel of The Melun Diptych, created by French artist Jean Fouquet in about 1450. The diptych was commissioned by Étienne Chevalier for the church at his home in Melun, France. The left-hand panel of the diptych

Fra Filippo Lippi: Life and works: >Madonna with Child and Scenes from the Life of St. Anne (c. 1452–53), a circular painting now in the Pitti Palace in Florence; it is a clear and realistic mirror of life, transfigured in a most intimate way, and it had a great effect on…

Piero della Francesca: Mature period: …a kneeling donor in an altarpiece from S. Bernardino, Urbino. He, the Madonna and her child, and accompanying saints are placed before the apse (semicircular choir) of a magnificent Albertian church. The painting may have been a memorial to Countess Battista, who died after giving birth to the couple’s ninth…

Western painting: Mannerist painters in Florence and Rome: His highly unconventional Madonna with SS. John the Baptist, Anthony Abbot, Jerome and Stephen for Santa Maria Nuova (1518) displays an aesthetic anarchy bolder than anything by Pontormo, and by the 1520s he was creating works of savage emotionality (e.g., the Volterra Deposition, 1521). In 1523 Rosso journeyed…

Il Pisanello: The Madonna with SS. Anthony and George displays a simpler conception. It is dominated by the monumental figures of the two saints and the bust of the Virgin in a mandorla, or almond-shaped aureole.

Jacopo Bassano: …of works, such as the Madonna with SS. Roch and Sebastian and The Adoration of the Magi, characterized by an unearthly pale light, colours, and nervous, attenuated figures in affectedly sophisticated poses.

Andrea Solari: …breastfeeding the Child (1507–10; called The Virgin with the Green Cushion also reveal Leonardo’s influence, but its animated composition displays Solari’s own artistic temperament.

Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), created between 1534 and 1540. The work depicts the Virgin Mary holding the Christ Child, while a group of youthful figures, typically described as angels, crowd next to her, and a

Stefan Lochner: …this influence is the “Madonna with the Violet” (c. 1443). Van Eyck’s influence is most noticeable in Lochner’s chief work, the great town hall altarpiece much admired by Dürer. In this “Altar of the Patron Saints,” Lochner adds to the idealism of the older painters of the Cologne school…

Mary was the mother of Jesus, venerated in the Christian church since the apostolic age and a favorite subject in Western art, music, and literature. Mary is known from biblical references, which are, however, too sparse to construct a coherent biography. The development of the doctrine of Mary can

dik-dik, (genus Madoqua), any of four species of dwarf antelopes (tribe Neotragini, family Bovidae) that are adapted for life in the arid zones of eastern Africa. Three species inhabit the Horn of Africa: Guenther’s dik-dik (Madoqua guentheri), Salt’s dik-dik (M. saltiana), and the silver dik-dik

dik-dik: …inhabit the Horn of Africa: Guenther’s dik-dik (Madoqua guentheri), Salt’s dik-dik (M. saltiana), and the silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii). Kirk’s dik-dik (M. kirkii), the best-known dik-dik, is a common resident of acacia savannas in Kenya and Tanzania. Guenther’s and Kirk’s dik-diks overlap in Kenya. An isolated population of Kirk’s dik-dik,…

dik-dik: Kirk’s dik-dik (M. kirkii), the best-known dik-dik, is a common resident of acacia savannas in Kenya and Tanzania. Guenther’s and Kirk’s dik-diks overlap in Kenya. An isolated population of Kirk’s dik-dik, different enough genetically to be considered a different species, inhabits Namibia.

dik-dik: saltiana), and the silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii). Kirk’s dik-dik (M. kirkii), the best-known dik-dik, is a common resident of acacia savannas in Kenya and Tanzania. Guenther’s and Kirk’s dik-diks overlap in Kenya. An isolated population of Kirk’s dik-dik, different enough genetically to be considered a different species, inhabits…

dik-dik: …Africa: Guenther’s dik-dik (Madoqua guentheri), Salt’s dik-dik (M. saltiana), and the silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii). Kirk’s dik-dik (M. kirkii), the best-known dik-dik, is a common resident of acacia savannas in Kenya and Tanzania. Guenther’s and Kirk’s dik-diks overlap in Kenya. An isolated population of Kirk’s dik-dik, different enough genetically to…

Thomas Madox was an English legal antiquary and historian whose critical studies of medieval English documents establish him as the virtual founder of British administrative history and the precursor of modern English historical scholarship. Madox studied common law (though not called to the bar)

India: Location: The Kekayas, Madras, and Ushinaras, who had settled in the region between Gandhara and the Beas River, were described as descendants of the Anu tribe. The Matsyas occupied an area to the southwest of present-day Delhi. The Kuru-Pancala, still dominant in the Ganges–Yamuna Doab area, were extending…

Chennai, city, capital of Tamil Nadu state, southern India, located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. Known as the “Gateway to South India,” Chennai is a major administrative and cultural center. Pop. (2011) city, 4,646,732; urban agglom., 8,696,010. Chennai is located on the Coromandel

T. Balasaraswati: …promotion and passage of the Madras Devadasis Prevention of Dedication Act (1947). Devadasis typically lived in matrilineal households, and many of the women were married—or dedicated—to a temple deity, which precluded them from marrying any mortal man whom they took as a partner. This social system did not match that…

Chennai: Cultural life: …institutions in Chennai include the Madras Music Academy, devoted to the encouragement of Carnatic music—the music of Karnataka, the historical region between the southern Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal and the Deccan plateau. The Kalakshetra is a center of dance and music, and the Rasika Ranjini Sabha, in…

Madras Native Association, anti-colonial organization founded in 1852 in Madras (now Chennai, India) by businessman and political activist Gazulu Lakshiminarasu Chetty. The first Indian political organization of the Madras Presidency, it consisted mostly of merchants, landowners, and educated

Tamil Nadu: History: …the story of the British-controlled Madras Presidency in relationship to the rise and fall of British power in India. After Indian independence in 1947, the Madras Presidency became Madras state. The state’s Telugu-speaking areas were separated to form part of the new state of Andhra Pradesh in 1953. In 1956…

University of Madras, state-controlled institution of higher learning located in Madras, India. One of three affiliating universities founded by the British in 1857, Madras has developed as a teaching and research institution since the 1920s. By the mid-1970s the university comprised 11

madrasah, institution of higher education in the Islamic sciences (ʿulūm; singular, ʿilm). In Arabic-speaking countries, the word in modern times refers to any institution of education, especially primary or secondary education. The early madrasahs developed out of occasional lectures delivered at

Chennai, city, capital of Tamil Nadu state, southern India, located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. Known as the “Gateway to South India,” Chennai is a major administrative and cultural center. Pop. (2011) city, 4,646,732; urban agglom., 8,696,010. Chennai is located on the Coromandel

madrasah, institution of higher education in the Islamic sciences (ʿulūm; singular, ʿilm). In Arabic-speaking countries, the word in modern times refers to any institution of education, especially primary or secondary education. The early madrasahs developed out of occasional lectures delivered at

Neoclassical art: Other countries: …principal Neoclassicist in Spain was José de Madrazo y Agudo.

Madre de Dios River, headwater tributary of the Amazon in southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia. It flows from the Cordillera de Carabaya, easternmost range of the Andes, in Peru, and meanders generally eastward past Puerto Maldonado to the Bolivian border. There it turns northeastward and

Dominican Republic: Education: The Madre e Maestra Pontifical Catholic University (1962) is based in Santiago but also has a campus in the capital.

Emilia, condesa de Pardo Bazán: …Ulloa, 1886) and its sequel, La madre naturaleza (1887; “Mother Nature”)—studies of physical and moral ruin among the Galician squirearchy, set against a beautiful natural background and a moral background of corrupting power. Insolación (“Sunstroke”) and Morriña (“The Blues”; both 1889) are excellent psychological studies. Her husband separated from her…

Grazia Deledda: title, The Mother), the tragedy of a mother who realizes her dream of her son’s becoming a priest only to see him yield to the temptations of the flesh. In these and others of her more than 40 novels, Deledda often used Sardinia’s landscape as a…

Laguna Madre, narrow, shallow lagoon along the shore of southern Texas, U.S., and northeastern Mexico, sheltered from the Gulf of Mexico by barrier islands, of which Padre Island (a national seashore) in Texas is the most notable. The lagoon is divided into two sections by the broad delta of the

cnidarian: Size range and diversity of structure: …hydroids, hydrocorals, and soft and hard corals, however, proliferate asexually into colonies, which can attain much greater size and longevity than their component polyps. Certain tropical sea anemones (class Anthozoa) may be a metre in diameter, and some temperate ones are nearly that tall. Anthozoans are long-lived, both individually and…

circulatory system: Echinodermata: …porous, button-shaped plate, called the madreporite, which is united via a duct (the stone canal) with a circular canal (ring canal) that circumvents the mouth. Long canals radiate from the water ring into each arm. Lateral canals branch alternately from the radial canals, each terminating in a muscular sac (or…

Penélope Cruz: …performance in Madres paralelas (2021; Parallel Mothers), a drama by Almodóvar that centres on a relationship between two single mothers while also exploring the lasting influence of Spain’s civil war and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. Also in 2021 she starred with Antonio Banderas in Competencia oficial (Official Competition), a…

Madrid, city, capital of Spain and of Madrid provincia (province). Spain’s arts and financial centre, the city proper and province form a comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) in central Spain. Madrid’s status as the national capital reflects the centralizing policy of the 16th-century Spanish

Madrid, comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of central Spain, coextensive with the provincia (province) of the same name. It is bounded by the autonomous communities of Castile-León to the north and west and Castile–La Mancha to the east and south. The autonomous community of Madrid was

Madrid Codex, together with the Paris, Dresden, and Grolier codices, a richly illustrated glyphic text of the pre-Conquest Mayan period and one of few known survivors of the mass book-burnings by the Spanish clergy during the 16th century. The variant name Tro-Cortesianus is a result of the early

Leonardo da Vinci: Equestrian sculpture for Francesco Sforza: …two of Leonardo’s notebooks—the so-called Madrid Codices—were discovered in the National Library of Madrid. These notebooks reveal the sublimity but also the almost unreal boldness of his conception. Text and drawings both show Leonardo’s wide experience in the technique of bronze casting, but at the same time they reveal the…