frog and toad: Annotated classification: Family Leiopelmatidae 9 presacral vertebrae (i.e., anterior to the pelvic girdle); parahyoid and caudaliopuboischiotibialis (“tail-wagging”) muscles present; direct development; New Zealand; 1 genus (Leiopelma), 4 species; adult length about 5 cm (2 inches). Bombinanura Family Bombinatoridae

Leiothrix, genus of birds of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes), with two species: the silver-eared mesia, or silver-ear (L. argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from

mesia, (species Leiothrix argentauris), songbird of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes). It is found from Pakistan through the Indochinese peninsula in scrub and secondary jungle. This 15-centimetre- (6-inch-) long bird is olive above and yellow below, with a black crown, silver ear

Leiothrix: argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from the Himalayas to Indochina; L. lutea has been introduced into Hawaii, where it is commonly called hill robin. The silver-ear has yellow, gray, red,…

megapode: …turkeys (not true turkeys); and mallee fowl, or lowan (Leipoa ocellata), which frequent the mallee, or scrub, vegetation of southern interior Australia. The mallee fowl, the best known of the group, is 65 cm (25.5 inches) long and has white-spotted, light brown plumage. The male builds a mound of decaying…

C. Louis Leipoldt was a South African doctor, journalist, and a leading poet of the Second Afrikaans Language Movement. Though trained as a doctor, Leipoldt was more attracted to a literary career. He began as a journalist writing for De kolonist, Het dagblad, and the South African News, and during

C. Louis Leipoldt was a South African doctor, journalist, and a leading poet of the Second Afrikaans Language Movement. Though trained as a doctor, Leipoldt was more attracted to a literary career. He began as a journalist writing for De kolonist, Het dagblad, and the South African News, and during

Leipzig, city, western Saxony Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies just above the junction of the Pleisse, Parthe, and Weisse Elster rivers, about 115 miles (185 km) southwest of Berlin. Leipzig is situated in the fertile, low-lying Leipzig Basin, which has extensive deposits of lignite

Leipzig: …is also the site of Bayerischer Bahnhof, Europe’s oldest operating train station. Leipzig is the focus of several major roads, and two airports serve the city.

Johann Eck: In the celebrated Leipzig disputation of 1519, Eck debated with Luther and his disciple, Andreas Karlstadt, on such topics as papal primacy and the infallibility of church councils. In 1520 Eck visited Rome, where he helped compose the papal bull Exsurge Domine (June 1520), in which Pope Leo…

Augsburg Interim: …the Protestants to adopt the Leipzig Interim, which upheld Protestant doctrines, at the Diet of Leipzig in December 1548. Neither interim was fully accepted, and a German religious settlement was not brought about until the Peace of Augsburg (1555).

Georg Philipp Telemann: Life: …and became director of the Leipzig Opera, for which he also composed. Telemann’s next positions were at two princely courts: first as kapellmeister (conductor of the court orchestra) in Sorau (now Żary, Poland; 1705–08), then as concertmaster (first violinist) and later kapellmeister in Eisenach (1708–12). By playing, conducting, studying, and…

Leipzig Zoological Garden, zoological garden in Leipzig, Germany, noted for its carnivore collection. The zoo was opened in 1878 and taken over by the city in 1920. Occupying a 22-hectare (54-acre) site, the zoo maintains about 5,000 specimens of approximately 600 species. With big cats as its main

Leipzig Zoological Garden, zoological garden in Leipzig, Germany, noted for its carnivore collection. The zoo was opened in 1878 and taken over by the city in 1920. Occupying a 22-hectare (54-acre) site, the zoo maintains about 5,000 specimens of approximately 600 species. With big cats as its main

Battle of Leipzig, (Oct. 16–19, 1813), decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland. The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony, between approximately 185,000 French and other troops under Napoleon, and approximately 320,000

University of Leipzig, coeducational state-controlled institution of higher education in Leipzig, Germany. It was renamed Karl Marx University of Leipzig in 1953 by the communist leadership of East Germany, but the original name was restored in 1990. The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 by

University of Leipzig, coeducational state-controlled institution of higher education in Leipzig, Germany. It was renamed Karl Marx University of Leipzig in 1953 by the communist leadership of East Germany, but the original name was restored in 1990. The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 by

Leiria, town and concelho (municipality), west-central Portugal. The town is located 70 miles (115 km) north of Lisbon, a few miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. It originated as the Roman town of Collippo and was captured by the Moors early in the 8th century. After its reconquest in 1135 by

Michel Leiris was a French writer who was a pioneer in modern confessional literature and was also a noted anthropologist, poet, and art critic. Leiris studied at the Sorbonne (University of Paris) and at the School for Advanced Scientific and Religious Studies. While associated with the

Latin American art: Trends, c. 1970–present: …currencies from the 1980s inspired Jac Leirner, a Brazilian assemblage artist, to make long strings of worthless cruzeiro notes, which she or curators rearranged into beautiful curves wherever they were exhibited. In this way, money served as the raw material of art, rather than as a final reward for the…

Mitchell Leisen was an American costume designer, art director, and film and television director. He was considered a “woman’s director” by dint of the affinity he demonstrated for actresses. His motion pictures—almost all of them made at Paramount—were often dominated by strong female leads such

Leslie Leiserowitz is an Israeli chemist known for his work, conducted in collaboration with Israeli chemist Meir Lahav, on the crystal forms of organic molecules. Leiserowitz received a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Cape Town (UCT) in 1956. Shortly after

Johann Anton Leisewitz was a German dramatist whose most important work, Julius von Tarent (1776), was the forerunner of Friedrich Schiller’s famous Sturm und Drang masterpiece Die Räuber (1781; The Robbers). Leisewitz studied law at the University of Göttingen from 1770 and joined the Göttinger

leishmania, any of several species of flagellate protists belonging to the genus Leishmania in the order Trypanosomatida. These protists are parasites of vertebrates, to which they are transmitted by species of bloodsucking sand flies in the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. The leishmanial

leishmania, any of several species of flagellate protists belonging to the genus Leishmania in the order Trypanosomatida. These protists are parasites of vertebrates, to which they are transmitted by species of bloodsucking sand flies in the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. The leishmanial

leishmania: L. braziliensis, the cause of a form of leishmaniasis found in Central and South America, produces similar skin lesions but also causes deeper lesions of the oral and nasal mucous membranes.

leishmania: For example, Leishmania donovani, which attacks the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and other viscera, causes visceral leishmaniasis (also called kala-azar or black fever) in Africa, Europe, and Asia. L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (also called oriental sore or Aleppo boil) in Africa, Europe, the Mediterranean, and the…

cutaneous leishmaniasis: …most commonly occurring form of leishmaniasis and is prevalent especially in the Americas, Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis are transmitted to humans by the bite of female sand flies of the subfamily Phlebotominae.

leishmaniasis, human protozoal infection spread by the bite of a sand fly (subfamily Phlebotominae). Leishmaniasis occurs worldwide but is especially prevalent in tropical areas. Three major forms of the disease are recognized: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Leishmaniasis is caused by

Leisler’s Rebellion, uprising in New York in 1689–91 led by Jacob Leisler, then one of the English province’s wealthiest merchants. The revolt, which took advantage of the instability that followed England’s Glorious Revolution (1688–89), was largely a product of dissatisfaction with a small

Jacob Leisler was a provincial militia captain who seized the reins of British colonial government in New York (Leisler’s Rebellion) and exercised effective control over the area for more than 18 months in 1689–91. Emigrating to New Netherland (New York) at the age of 20, Leisler quickly became one

leisure, freedom provided by the cessation of coerced activities, particularly time free from disagreeable work or duties. Leisure is universal. Under ordinary circumstances everyone experiences some of it, even if they may know it by another name. In some parts of the world it has no name, being

Helen Mirren: Later films: …Beauty (2016), the sentimental comedy The Leisure Seeker (2017), and the period horror film Winchester (2018). She played the villainous Mother Ginger in The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018), an adaptation of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s 19th-century ballet. Among her film credits from 2019 were the thriller Anna, in which…

golf: British tournaments and players: …Wethered (Roger Wethered’s sister) and Cecil Leitch, each of whom won the Ladies’ British Amateur title four times.

Donovan is a Scottish singer-songwriter who had consistent commercial success with his playful pop songs in the mid- to late 1960s. Looking and sounding like Bob Dylan, Donovan emerged in 1965 as a folksinger with “Catch the Wind.” As the musical landscape became more kaleidoscopic, Donovan adapted

William Le Baron Jenney: In Jenney’s design for the Leiter Building, Chicago (1879; enlarged 1888; later demolished), he made a tentative approach to skeleton construction, and the facade was prophetic of the glass curtain wall that became common in the 20th century. Among his other buildings in Chicago are the Manhattan Building (1889–90), said…

William Le Baron Jenney: …of Montgomery Ward); and the second Leiter Building (1889–90), which became Sears, Roebuck and Co.’s Loop store.

Mary Victoria Leiter Curzon was an American-born vicereine of India who, by virtue of her marriage, long held the highest political rank gained by an American woman. Mary Leiter was the daughter of Levi Z. Leiter, merchant and early partner in Marshall Field & Co. From 1881 she grew up in

Leith, port of Edinburgh, lying north of the city centre on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is part of the council area of the City of Edinburgh, in the historic county of Midlothian, southeastern Scotland. Leith was once an independent town, and before the railway era it was the chief

Surrey: …highest point in the county, Leith Hill (965 feet [294 metres]). The two ridges, with their intervening vale and the gaps cut into them by such rivers as the Mole and the Wey, give the county a variety of landscapes, and in 1958 some 160 square miles (415 square km)…

Scotland: James VI (1567–1625): The Concordat of Leith (1572) allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church’s approval. As in Mary’s reign, the crown was intervening to prevent the wealth of the old church from being entirely laicized. And if the bishopric revenues were saved from going the same…

leitmotif, a recurring musical theme appearing usually in operas but also in symphonic poems. It is used to reinforce the dramatic action, to provide psychological insight into the characters, and to recall or suggest to the listener extramusical ideas relevant to the dramatic event. In a purely

leitmotif, a recurring musical theme appearing usually in operas but also in symphonic poems. It is used to reinforce the dramatic action, to provide psychological insight into the characters, and to recall or suggest to the listener extramusical ideas relevant to the dramatic event. In a purely

Bernard Haitink: He studied conducting with Ferdinand Leitner at the Netherlands Radio Union’s annual conductor’s courses, 1954–55, and became their second conductor in 1955. His association with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam began in 1956, and he was appointed its coconductor in 1961 and permanent conductor in 1964. He also served…

Leitrim, county in the province of Connaught (Connacht), northwestern Ireland. It is bounded by Northern Ireland (east) and by Counties Donegal (north), Cavan (east), Longford (south), and Roscommon and Sligo (west). The western boundary follows the River Shannon, on which boats can ascend to

Codona family: In 1928 Alfredo married Lillian Leitzel (1893–1931), an aerialist whose act involved performing as many as 249, but usually 150, swing-overs while suspended by a rope looped around her right wrist. Leitzel fell when part of her rigging broke, and she died of the injuries she sustained in the…

Yiddish literature: Yiddish theater: H. Leivick (pseudonym of Leyvick Halpern), who was born in Belorussia (now Belarus), spent several years imprisoned for political activities and immigrated to the United States in 1913. While he worked as a wallpaper hanger in New York, he was associated with the avant-garde literary…

pottery: China: The leiwen, however, which resembles the Greek key fret (an ornament consisting of small, straight bars intersecting one another in right angles) and is sometimes used on the later ceramic wares, appears on bronzes as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, where it is called…

Laoighis, county in the province of Leinster, east-central Ireland, formerly called Queen’s county. The county town (seat) is Port Laoise (Portlaoise), in central Laoighis. Laoighis is bounded by Counties Offaly (north and west), Kildare (east), Carlow and Kilkenny (south), and Tipperary

Port of Leixões, principal port serving the city of Porto and northern Portugal. It is an artificial harbour on the Atlantic Ocean, within the town of Matosinhos, 5.5 miles (9 km) northwest of central Porto. Porto is prevented by a sandbar from having a deepwater harbour of its own. The Leixões

Cao Yu: …the four-act tragedy Leiyu (Thunderstorm; later adapted for film [1938] and as a dance-drama [1981]), was published. When it was performed in 1935 it instantly won Cao Yu fame as a huaju writer. His next works were Richu (1936; Sunrise; adapted as an opera [1982] and for film [1938…

Leizhou Peninsula, peninsula, some 75 miles (120 km) from north to south and 30 miles (48 km) east to west, jutting out southward from the coast of Guangdong province, extreme southern China, and separated from the island province of Hainan by the 10-mile- (16-km-) wide Hainan Strait (Qiongzhou

Leizhou Peninsula, peninsula, some 75 miles (120 km) from north to south and 30 miles (48 km) east to west, jutting out southward from the coast of Guangdong province, extreme southern China, and separated from the island province of Hainan by the 10-mile- (16-km-) wide Hainan Strait (Qiongzhou

Al-Lajāʾ, volcanic region in southern Syria known for its unique and rugged topography and for its numerous archaeological ruins. Al-Lajāʾ, some 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Damascus, is somewhat triangular in shape, with its apex near Burāq and its base drawn roughly between Izraʿ and Shahbā, to

Spanish literature: Drama: Generally overlooked is María de la O Lejárraga, who collaborated with her husband, Gregorio Martínez Sierra, and wrote most of the essays, poems, short stories, novels, and newspaper articles they published jointly, plus the more than 50 plays on which their fame rests. She continued writing his plays…

cri-du-chat syndrome, congenital disorder caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. It is named for its characteristic symptom, a high-pitched wailing cry likened to that of a cat (the name is French for “cat cry”), which occurs in most affected infants. It has an incidence of

Louis-François, Baron Lejeune was a military general, painter, and lithographer who was chiefly responsible for introducing lithography to France as an artistic medium. Lejeune took part in many of the Napoleonic campaigns, and his vigorous battle pictures, executed mainly from sketches and studies

bryophyte: Ecology and habitats: …species of the liverwort family Lejeuneaceae), salt pans (the liverwort Carrpos), bases of quartz pebbles (the moss Aschisma), and copper-rich substrata (the moss Scopelophila).

Albania: Finance: …currency of Albania is the lek, which has been administered by the Bank of Albania since 1992. Prior to that time, numerous currencies had circulated through Albania because of its history of foreign occupation. Greece, Germany, and Turkey are Albania’s biggest foreign investors, providing about three-fourths of external investment in…

lek, in animal behaviour, communal area in which two or more males of a species perform courtship displays. Lek behaviour, also called arena behaviour, is found in a number of insects, birds, and mammals. Varying degrees of interaction occur between the males, from virtually none to closely

animal social behavior: Social interactions involving sex: …at communal display sites (leks), and a wide variety of insects species whose mating is brief and pairing is transient.

Netherlands: Drainage and dikes: …formed by the great rivers—Rhine, Lek, Waal, and Maas (Meuse)—that flow from east to west through the central part of the country. The landscape in this area is characterized by high dikes along wide rivers, orchards along the levees formed by the rivers, and numerous large bridges over which pass…

Lekain was a French actor whom Voltaire regarded as the greatest tragedian of his time. The son of a goldsmith, he was trained to follow his father’s trade but had a passion for the theatre. He frequented the Comédie-Française and in 1748 began organizing amateur productions in which he starred.

Jan Švankmajer: …famous work, Lekce Faust (1993; Faust), gave a new spin to the familiar tale of the Faustian bargain. The film is set in a foreboding puppet theatre that lures the main character inside. There he experiences a strange version of the Faust play, which includes giant puppets and clay figures…

Telakhon: A similar cult, the Leke (founded 1860), is still in existence but others have become Christian churches or have declined.

intelligence: Israel: The Lekem Bureau of Scientific Relations was a small, clandestine intelligence organization that recruited spies in Western countries until it was disbanded in 1986 following the arrest of Jonathan Pollard, a U.S. naval intelligence analyst who sold highly classified U.S. intelligence documents to Israel. (Immediately after…

Judaism: Observances: …of selected psalms and the Lekha Dodi, a 16th-century Kabbalistic (mystical) poem. The refrain of the latter is “Come, my beloved, to meet the bride,” the “bride” being the Sabbath. After the evening service, each Jewish household begins the first of three festive Sabbath meals by reciting the Kiddush (“sanctification”…

Lesotho: The first two decades: Justin Lekhanya, deposed Chief Jonathan and established military rule, making the king head of state.

Lekhitic languages, group of West Slavic languages composed of Polish, Kashubian and its archaic variant Slovincian, and the extinct Polabian language. All these languages except Polish are sometimes classified as a Pomeranian subgroup. In the early Middle Ages, before their speakers had become

Gulzar: On the director’s chair: …in the late 1950s, and Lekin… (1990; “But”), featuring a supernatural element, are mystery dramas; and Angoor (1982; “The Grape”), with Sanjeev Kumar as the lead, is a comic tale of mistaken identity involving two sets of identical twins separated at birth, based on William Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors.…

animal social behavior: Social interactions involving sex: …at communal display sites (leks), and a wide variety of insects species whose mating is brief and pairing is transient.

Congress of the People: Mosiuoa Lekota, former high-ranking members of South Africa’s ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC), who disagreed with the direction of that organization. The new party positioned itself as “progressive” and diverse, pledging to reach out to minorities and women, and promised to tackle several…

lekton, in syllogistic logic, the sense or meaning of a proposition. The distinction between the language and the actual contents, or lekta, of sentences was a key discovery of the Stoic school of philosophy. It recognized, in effect, that such sentences as “John Smith is a boy,” “Johnny Smith is a

lekton, in syllogistic logic, the sense or meaning of a proposition. The distinction between the language and the actual contents, or lekta, of sentences was a key discovery of the Stoic school of philosophy. It recognized, in effect, that such sentences as “John Smith is a boy,” “Johnny Smith is a

lekythos, in ancient Greek pottery, oil flask used at baths and gymnasiums and for funerary offerings, characterized by a long cylindrical body gracefully tapered to the base and a narrow neck with a loop-shaped handle. The word lekythos (as well as its plural form, lekythoi) is known from ancient

London Marathon: …Portugal’s Antonio Pinto, and Kenya’s Martin Lel share the record for most men’s victories, three, and Ingrid Kristiansen of Norway holds the women’s record with four marathon wins.

baseball: Segregation: …in a series with the Leland Giants. In 1915, eastern Black teams won four of eight games against big league teams, including a five-hit shutout of the National League champion Philadelphia Phillies by Smokey Joe Williams of the Lincoln Giants. In the late 1920s Commissioner Landis forbade big league clubs…

Stanford University, private coeducational institution of higher learning at Stanford, California, U.S. (adjacent to Palo Alto), one of the most prestigious in the country. The university was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane (née Lathrop) Stanford, and was

Charles Godfrey Leland was an American poet and journalist, best-known for the “Hans Breitmann Ballads,” which reproduce the dialect and humor of the Philadelphia Germans (also called Pennsylvania Dutch). Leland studied for two years in Germany, where he became fascinated with German culture. On

Henry M. Leland was an American engineer and manufacturer whose rigorous standards contributed to the development of the automobile. After an apprenticeship as a machinist in Worcester, Massachusetts, he worked in the U.S. Armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, during the American Civil War and for

Henry M. Leland was an American engineer and manufacturer whose rigorous standards contributed to the development of the automobile. After an apprenticeship as a machinist in Worcester, Massachusetts, he worked in the U.S. Armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, during the American Civil War and for

John Leland was a chaplain and librarian to King Henry VIII. He was the earliest of a notable group of English antiquarians. Leland was educated at St. Paul’s School and Christ’s College, Cambridge (B.A., 1522), later studying at All Souls’ College, Oxford, and in Paris. He took holy orders and by

Nangnang, one of four colonies (Nangnang, Chinbŏn, Imdun, and Hyŏnto) established in 108 bce by the emperor Wudi of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) of China when he conquered the ancient Korean state of Wiman (later named Chosŏn). Nangnang, which occupied the northwestern portion of the Korean

Lelantine War, conflict arising during the late 8th century bce from colonial disputes and trade rivalry between the Greek cities of Chalcis and Eretria. The two cities (both on the island of Euboea) had jointly founded Cumae in Italy (c. 750). When they fell out, the war between them split the

myth: Animals and plants in myth: Among the African Lele, for example, animals are distinguished from humans by their lack of manners, their immense fecundity, and by their sticking to their own sphere and avoiding contact with humans. Animals that violate this third characteristic are understood to be human-animals, the product of sorcery or…

lélek, in Finno-Ugric religion, the vital principle of the human body. Despite its literal meaning, the term does not designate the immortal essence of individual personality, as soul does in many Western (and some non-Western) religions. In its earliest uses, lélek was associated with both breath

Joachim Lelewel was a prominent Polish historian, regarded as one of the founders of modern Polish historical thought. Descendant of a Polonized German family, Lelewel completed his studies at the Polish University of Wilno, received an assistant professorship there (1815–24), and then a full

Lélia, novel by George Sand, published in 1833. It shocked contemporary readers with a heroine who, like Sand herself, was an iconoclastic, intellectual woman who scorned society’s rules. Independent and sensual, Lélia has had many lovers. Now repelled by physical passion, which represents the

Madam C.J. Walker: …Pittsburgh, where she opened the Lelia College of Beauty Culture, a school named for her daughter. Drawn to the prosperous Black business community in Indianapolis, she relocated the headquarters of the Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company there in 1910.

Hector Berlioz: Mature career of Hector Berlioz: …Retour à la vie (later Lélio, after the hero’s name). First performed in 1832, this concoction, which contains three or four delightful pieces, enjoyed great success, and Berlioz had reason to think himself launched again.

Pierre Marivaux: But the Italian Theatre of Lelio, sponsored in Paris by the regent Philippe d’Orleans, attracted him far more. The major players Thomassin and Silvia of this commedia dell’arte troupe became Marivaux’s stock lovers: Harlequin, or the valet, and the ingenue. Arlequin poli par l’amour (1723; “Harlequin Brightened by…

Luis Federico Leloir was an Argentine biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1970 for his investigations of the processes by which carbohydrates are converted into energy in the body. After serving as an assistant at the Institute of Physiology, University of Buenos Aires, from 1934 to

Pierre Balmain: …he joined the firm of Lucien Lelong, where he worked with Christian Dior, who was to become his main rival during their heyday in the postwar years. The House of Balmain was an immediate success, its clothes characterized by superb quality, particularly in evening wear, which combined femininity with an…

Claude Lelouch is a French director and screenwriter who was noted chiefly for his lush visual style. He achieved prominence in 1966 with his film Un Homme et une femme (A Man and a Woman), which shared the Grand Prize at the Cannes film festival and won two Academy Awards (for best foreign film

Lelystad: It was named after Cornelis Lely (d. 1929), an engineer-statesman who designed the Zuiderzee reclamation project. It became the capital of the newly created Flevoland province in 1986. Located next to a land-reclamation dike, Lelystad has a small fishing harbour; boats have access to Amsterdam through the Oostvaarder Canal.…

Sir Peter Lely was a Baroque portrait painter known for his Van Dyck-influenced likenesses of the mid-17th-century English aristocracy. The origin of the name Lely is said to be the lily carved into the gable of the van der Faes family’s house in The Hague. The young artist was early known as

Sir Peter Lely was a Baroque portrait painter known for his Van Dyck-influenced likenesses of the mid-17th-century English aristocracy. The origin of the name Lely is said to be the lily carved into the gable of the van der Faes family’s house in The Hague. The young artist was early known as

Lelystad, gemeente (municipality), north-central Netherlands, on the IJsselmeer (Lake IJssel). After the East Flevoland Polder was drained in 1957, the town was built on a foundation of piles driven into the subsoil. It was named after Cornelis Lely (d. 1929), an engineer-statesman who designed the

Hella S. Haasse was a Dutch novelist noted for her innovative historical fiction. Haasse studied at the Amsterdam Toneelschool, a dramatic arts school, and published a volume of poetry, Stroomversnelling (1945; “Fast Current”). In her first novella, Oeroeg (1948), she explored race relations in the

Girma Wolde-Giorgis: …founded an environmental organization called Lem Ethiopia.