rhetoric: The Renaissance and after: …become, as in Hugh Blair’s Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (1783), something like the sixth office of rhetoric. Besides Blair’s, the most important rhetorical treatises of the period were George Campbell’s Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776) and Richard Whately’s Elements of Rhetoric (1828). All three books were written by Protestant…

Oskar Bolza: …in 1904, published a treatise, Lectures on the Calculus of Variations (revised and translated by him into German as Vorlesungen über Variationsrechnung, 1908), which became a classic in the field. Several of his papers published in 1913 and 1914 developed an original variational problem known as the problem of Bolza,…

Gilbert Ames Bliss: …1946 in his major work, Lectures on the Calculus of Variations. Bliss served as president of the American Mathematical Society from 1921 to 1922.

study of religion: The early 19th century: …Feuerbach (1804–72) propounded, in his Lectures on the Essence of Religion, a view of religion as a projection of the aspirations of humans. His understanding of religion as a form of projection—an explanation that goes back to the ancient Greek thinker Xenophanes—was taken up in various ways by, among others,…

Scholasticism: …die Geschichte der Philosophie (1833–36; Lectures on the History of Philosophy), declared that he would “put on seven-league boots” in order to skip over the thousand years between the 6th and 17th centuries and, having at last arrived at René Descartes, said that now he could “cry land like the…

classification of religions: Philosophical: …German philosopher, in his famous Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (1832). In general, Hegel’s understanding of religion coincided with his philosophical thought; he viewed the whole of human history as a vast dialectical movement toward the realization of freedom. The reality of history, he held, is Spirit, and the…

political philosophy: T.H. Green: Green, whose Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation (1885) greatly influenced members of the Liberal Party in the British governments of the period 1906–15. Green, like John Stuart Mill and Tocqueville, wished to extend the minority culture to the people and even to use state power…

St. John Henry Newman: Association with the Oxford movement: …than his books, especially the Lectures on the Prophetical Office of the Church (1837), the classic statement of the Tractarian doctrine of authority; the University Sermons (1843), similarly classical for the theory of religious belief; and above all his Parochial and Plain Sermons (1834–42), which in their published form took…

Ivan Pavlov: Life: …work culminated in his book Lectures on the Work of the Digestive Glands in 1897.

Ericales: Lecythidaceae: Lecythidaceae, the Brazil nut family, is a pantropical group of evergreen trees of about 25 genera and 350 species. There are several groups in the family with distinctive geographic distributions. The Brazil nut group includes about 10 genera and 215 species, all Neotropical; in…

monkey pot, any shrub or tree of the genus Lecythis, of the family Lecythidaceae, particularly L. ollaria of Brazil and L. zabucajo of northeastern South America. The name is also applied to the woody fruit of these plants, so called because it is potlike in shape and suitable in size for a monkey

monkey pot: …or tree of the genus Lecythis, of the family Lecythidaceae, particularly L. ollaria of Brazil and L. zabucajo of northeastern South America. The name is also applied to the woody fruit of these plants, so called because it is potlike in shape and suitable in size for a monkey to…

monkey pot: ollaria of Brazil and L. zabucajo of northeastern South America. The name is also applied to the woody fruit of these plants, so called because it is potlike in shape and suitable in size for a monkey to use.

LED, in electronics, a semiconductor device that emits infrared or visible light when charged with an electric current. LED displays began to be used for consumer electronic devices starting in 1968, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) introduced the first LED display. Visible LED lights are used in many

information processing: Printers: Light-emitting diode (LED) printers resemble laser printers in operation but direct light from energized diodes rather than a laser onto a photoconductive surface. Ion-deposition printers make use of technology similar to that of photocopiers for producing electrostatic images. Another type of nonimpact printer, the ink-jet…

Led Zeppelin: Distinctive sound and style: …on the band’s first album, Led Zeppelin (1969), and “Whole Lotta Love,” on Led Zeppelin II (1969), was created by Bonham’s enormous drum sound and through Page’s production techniques, in which he emphasized drums and bass, resulting in a sonic spaciousness that has kept the records sounding fresh years after…

Led Zeppelin, British rock band that was extremely popular in the 1970s. Although their musical style was diverse, they came to be well known especially for their influence on the development of heavy metal. The members were Jimmy Page on guitar, Robert Plant on vocals, John Paul Jones on bass and

Led Zeppelin: Distinctive sound and style: …and “Whole Lotta Love,” on Led Zeppelin II (1969), was created by Bonham’s enormous drum sound and through Page’s production techniques, in which he emphasized drums and bass, resulting in a sonic spaciousness that has kept the records sounding fresh years after they were made.

Robert Plant: Led Zeppelin: …a lyricist on the album Led Zeppelin III (1970), with songs such as the rollicking “Bron-Y-Aur Stomp,” which was inspired by his blue-eyed collie Strider, and the melancholy ballad “That’s the Way.”

Robert Plant: Led Zeppelin: …album, commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV (1971). Featuring the hard rock anthems “Stairway to Heaven,” “Rock and Roll,” and “Misty Mountain Hop,” Led Zeppelin IV sold more than 37 million copies worldwide and launched the band into superstardom. Led Zeppelin remained popular throughout the 1970s, but from 1975…

Jupiter: Other satellites: The closer group—Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, and Elara—has prograde orbits. (In the case of these moons, retrograde motion is in the direction opposite to Jupiter’s spin and motion around the Sun, which are counterclockwise as viewed from above Jupiter’s north pole, whereas prograde, or direct, motion is in…

Leda, in Greek legend, usually believed to be the daughter of Thestius, king of Aetolia, and wife of Tyndareus, king of Lacedaemon. Some ancient writers thought she was the mother by Tyndareus of Clytemnestra, wife of King Agamemnon, and of Castor, one of the Heavenly Twins. She was also believed

Leonardo da Vinci: Art from the second Milanese period: He returned to the Leda theme—which had been occupying him for a decade—and probably finished a standing version of Leda about 1513 (the work survives only through copies). This painting became a model of the figura serpentinata (“sinuous figure”)—that is, a figure built up from several intertwining views. It…

Leda and the Swan, sonnet by William Butler Yeats, composed in 1923, printed in The Dial (June 1924), and published in the collection The Cat and the Moon and Certain Poems (1924). The poem is based on the Greek mythological story of beautiful Leda, who gave birth to Helen and Clytemnestra after

Lead Belly was an American folk-blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist whose ability to perform a vast repertoire of songs in a variety of styles, in conjunction with his notoriously violent life, made him a legend. Born Huddie William Ledbetter in Louisiana, Lead Belly was musical from childhood.

Georg Ledebour was a German socialist politician who was radicalized by the outbreak of war in 1914 and became a leader of the Berlin communist uprising of January 1919. A Social Democratic Party member of the Reichstag (national parliament) from 1900, Ledebour initially stood among the left

Katie Ledecky is an American swimmer who is one of the sport’s leading freestylers, especially dominant in longer races, notably the 800 meters and 1,500 meters. The winner of 14 Olympic medals—9 of which are gold—Ledecky is the most-decorated American woman in the history of the Games. She is also

Katie Ledecky is an American swimmer who is one of the sport’s leading freestylers, especially dominant in longer races, notably the 800 meters and 1,500 meters. The winner of 14 Olympic medals—9 of which are gold—Ledecky is the most-decorated American woman in the history of the Games. She is also

Joshua Lederberg was an American geneticist and a pioneer in the field of bacterial genetics. He shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (with George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum) for discovering the mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteria. Lederberg studied under Tatum at

chromatography: Early developments: …his student, the French chemist Edgar Lederer, reported the use of this method in the resolution of a number of biologically important materials. In 1941 two British chemists, Archer J.P. Martin and Richard L.M. Synge, began a study of the amino acid composition of wool. Their initial efforts, in which…

The Ugly American: William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, published in 1958. A fictionalized account of Americans working in Southeast Asia, the book was notable chiefly for exposing many of the deficiencies in U.S. foreign-aid policy and for causing a furor in government circles. Eventually the uproar led…

Leon Max Lederman was an American physicist who, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 for their joint research on neutrinos. Lederman was educated at the City College of New York (B.S., 1943) and received a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia

Podostemaceae: … (50 species, tropical South America), Ledermanniella (43 species, tropical Africa and Madagascar), Rhyncholacis (25 species, northern tropical South America), Marathrum (25 species, Central America and northwestern tropical South America), Podostemum (17 species, worldwide tropics and subtropics), Dicraea (12 species, tropics of Asia and Africa),

Sir Anthony Caro: His Ledge Piece (1978), for example, commissioned for the East Building of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., seems to spill over its high perch from the pull of gravity. Caro came to be regarded as the most important sculptor since Smith and exercised great…

fishing: Methods: …with what is called a ledger in Britain and a sinker in the United States, usually of lead. In this type of fishing, the angler simply holds the rod or lays it down and waits for the telltale tug of the fish to be transmitted through the line. Bait may…

bookkeeping: From journal to ledger to financial statements: …in the bookkeeping process—journals and ledgers. A journal contains the daily transactions (sales, purchases, and so on), and the ledger contains the record of individual accounts. The daily records from the journals are entered in the ledgers.

Heath Ledger was an Australian actor renowned for his moving and intense performances in diverse roles. He was posthumously awarded an Oscar for his portrayal of the Joker in The Dark Knight (2008). Ledger was raised in Perth, Australia. He began acting in school productions in junior high and

Heath Ledger was an Australian actor renowned for his moving and intense performances in diverse roles. He was posthumously awarded an Oscar for his portrayal of the Joker in The Dark Knight (2008). Ledger was raised in Perth, Australia. He began acting in school productions in junior high and

Dmitri Shostakovich: Early life and works: … (composed 1930–32; revised and retitled Katerina Izmaylova), marked a stylistic retreat. Yet even this more accessible musical language was too radical for the Soviet authorities.

Stilwell Road, highway 478 mi (769 km) long that links northeastern India with the Burma Road (q.v.), which runs from Burma to China. During World War II the Stilwell Road was a strategic military route. U.S. Army engineers began construction of the highway in December 1942 to link the railheads of

Geraniales: The closely related Vivianiaceae and Ledocarpaceae are native to South America, especially the Andes. Vivianiaceae, with six species in either one (Viviania) or four genera, are herbs or small shrubs covered with glandular hairs; the undersides of the leaves typically are covered in white hairs. Ledocarpaceae, with 12 species in…

Claude-Nicolas Ledoux was a French architect who developed an eclectic and visionary architecture linked with nascent pre-Revolutionary social ideals. Ledoux studied under J.-F. Blondel and L.-F. Trouard. His imaginative woodwork at a café brought him to the notice of society, and he soon became a

Lake Peipus: …“Battle on the Ice” (Ledovoye Poboishche). His victory (April 5) forced the grand master of the Knights to relinquish all claims to the Russian lands that he had conquered and substantially reduced the Teutonic threat to northwestern Russia.

Nicosia, city and capital of the Republic of Cyprus. It lies along the Pedieos River, in the centre of the Mesaoria Plain between the Kyrenia Mountains (north) and the Troodos range (south). The city is also the archiepiscopal seat of the autocephalous (having the right to elect its own archbishop

Cyprus: Efforts toward reunification: …to open a crossing at Ledra Street in the divided capital of Nicosia. The division of Ledra Street, split since 1964, had for many come to symbolize the broader partition of the island. Unification talks between Talat and Christofias were under way in later months, although efforts appeared to come…

Washington, D.C.: Adams-Morgan and beyond: Farther east, LeDroit Park is the home of Howard University. LeDroit Park developed as a wealthy all-white enclave enclosed by a fence that was torn down by African American university students in 1888 in protest of segregation. The area became the center of Washington’s African American elite…

Alexandre-Auguste Ledru-Rollin was a French lawyer whose radical political activity earned him a prominent position in the French Second Republic; he helped bring about universal male suffrage in France. Called to the bar in 1829, Ledru-Rollin established his reputation by his defense of

French literature: Feminist writers: …writers in this vein were Violette Leduc in La Bâtarde (1964; “The Bastard”; Eng. trans. La Bâtarde) and Marie Cardinal in Les Mots pour le dire (1975; The Words to Say It). Creative writers in the realist mode addressed a widening popular readership with accounts of the lives of women…

Labrador tea: …in the now eliminated genus Ledum, which differed from Rhododendron only in having separate, not fused, petals and capsules that open from the bottom first.

John Ledyard was an American adventurer and explorer who accompanied Captain James Cook on his voyage to find a Northwest Passage to the Orient (1776–79). After trying the life of a missionary among the North American Indians, Ledyard shipped out as a common seaman (1774). In the course of his

Lee Miller: Posthumous recognition: Lee, a film about her life starring Kate Winslet, was released in 2023.

Lee, county, east-central South Carolina, U.S. The northern and northwestern portions lie within the sandhills of the Fall Line zone, while the remainder of the county consists of a generally flat region on the Coastal Plain. The Lynches River forms parts of both the southeastern and northern

Samsung: Early years: …on March 1, 1938, by Lee Byung-Chull. He started his business in Taegu, Korea, trading noodles and other goods produced in and around the city and exporting them to China and its provinces. (The company name, Samsung, came from the Korean for “three stars.”) After the Korean War, Lee expanded…

Lee Commission, body appointed by the British government in 1923 to consider the ethnic composition of the superior Indian public services of the government of India. The chairman was Lord Lee of Fareham, and there were equal numbers of Indian and British members. The Islington Commission’s report

lee cyclone, small-scale cyclone that forms on the leeward, or downwind, side of mountain barriers as the general westerly flow is disturbed by the mountain. Lee cyclones may produce major windstorms and dust storms downstream of a mountain

Mariah Carey: Other acting roles and music projects: Her later film credits include Lee Daniels’ The Butler (2013) and Girls Trip (2017). She also lent her voice to All I Want for Christmas Is You (2017), an animated film inspired by her hit song. Carey also had cameos in such films as Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016)…

The inspired use of an empty silo helped put Phoenix, Arizona, on the rock-and-roll map during the late 1950s. Working at the tiny Audio Recorders studio, disc jockey-turned-producer Lee Hazlewood was obsessed with emulating the power and atmosphere of the then-current hits on Chess (of Chicago)

Lee Hsien Loong is a Singaporean politician who served as the third prime minister of Singapore from 2004 to 2024 and continues to serve as a member of Parliament. Lee was born and raised in Singapore, the son of Lee Kuan Yew, the city-state’s first prime minister (1959–90). Lee distinguished

Lee Jae-Myung is the president of South Korea (2025– ), representing the left-leaning Democratic Party of Korea (DPK). He rose to power following the impeachment of Pres. Yoon Suk-Yeol, whose abrupt declaration of martial law in late 2024 plunged the country into political turmoil. Lee won the

Lee Kun-Hee: …retained his posts, his son, Lee Jae-Yong, became the de facto leader of the Samsung Group. In 2018 it was announced that the elder Lee was again being investigated for tax evasion.

Lee Jung-Jae is a South Korean actor who garnered international fame for his starring role in the hit Netflix series Squid Game (2021– ; Ojing-eo geim). Before joining the cast, Lee built a diverse and award-winning career in Korean television and film. While Lee was working as a cashier at a café

John Lee is a government official and former police officer in Hong Kong who in 2022 became the chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China. Lee was born and raised in Hong Kong. Lee, an adherent of the Roman Catholic faith, graduated from Wah Yan College in

Lee Kuan Yew was a politician and lawyer who was prime minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. Widely regarded as the founding father of modern Singapore, Lee transformed the city-state from a small, resource-deficient British colony with high rates of illiteracy into the most prosperous country

Lee Kun-Hee was a South Korean businessman who was chairman (1987–2008; 2010–20) of the conglomerate Samsung Group and chairman of its flagship company, Samsung Electronics (2010–20). Lee was the youngest son of Lee Byung-Chull, who founded Samsung in 1938. He majored in economics at Waseda

Lee Myung-Bak is a South Korean business executive and politician who was president of South Korea from 2008 to 2013. He previously served as mayor of Seoul (2002–06). Lee was born in wartime Japan and was the fifth of seven children. In 1946 his family returned to Korea, but their boat capsized

Actor, director, and teacher Lee Strasberg was the chief American exponent of the popular but controversial Stanislavsky “method” of acting, in which actors are encouraged to use their own emotional experience and memory in preparing to “live” a role. (Actress Lillian Gish famously quipped, “It’s

Lee Teng-hui was the first Taiwan-born president (1988–2000) of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Lee attended Kyōto University in Japan and National Taiwan University (B.A., 1948) and studied agricultural economics in the United States at Iowa State University (M.A., 1953) and Cornell University

Lee Ufan is a Korean artist, critic, philosopher, and poet who was a prominent theorist and proponent of the Tokyo-based movement of young artists from the late 1960s through the early ’70s known as Mono-ha (Japanese: “School of Things”). Lee has built a body of artistic achievement across a wide

Lee v. Weisman, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 24, 1992, ruled (5–4) that it was unconstitutional for a public school in Rhode Island to have a member of the clergy deliver a prayer at graduation ceremonies. The court held that it violated the First Amendment’s establishment clause,

lee wave, vertical undulation of airstreams on the lee side of a mountain. (The lee side is the side that is downstream from the wind.) The first wave occurs above the mountain that causes it, with a series of waves of equal horizontal wavelength extending downstream. Numerous equally spaced lee

Lee Ufan is a Korean artist, critic, philosopher, and poet who was a prominent theorist and proponent of the Tokyo-based movement of young artists from the late 1960s through the early ’70s known as Mono-ha (Japanese: “School of Things”). Lee has built a body of artistic achievement across a wide

Louis Auchincloss was an American novelist, short-story writer, and critic, best known for his novels of manners set in the world of contemporary upper-class New York City. Auchincloss studied at Yale University from 1935 to 1939 and graduated from the University of Virginia Law School in 1941. He

Irish Travellers: Language, culture, and society: …Joe Nevin, Irish middleweight champion Andy Lee, and British world heavyweight champion Tyson Fury.

Ang Lee is a Taiwan-born film director who transitioned from directing Chinese films to major English-language productions. In 2006 Lee became the first person of color to win an Academy Award for best director, for Brokeback Mountain (2005). He won a second Oscar for best director for the film

Ann Lee was a religious leader who brought the Shaker sect from England to the American colonies. Believing that her inspiration came directly from God, Lee rejected much of the theology of established churches and drew a dedicated and at times persecuted following that was attracted to her

Arthur Lee was a diplomat who sought recognition and aid in Europe for the Continental Congress during the American Revolution. Lee gave up a medical practice for the study of law and then became interested in colonial politics. He wrote political tracts, among them a series of 10 essays called

Dr. No: …by his boss, M (Bernard Lee), to Jamaica after a fellow agent is murdered while looking into the activities of a mysterious man named Dr. No (Joseph Wiseman), who owns a bauxite mine off the island’s coast. After arriving in Kingston, Bond meets CIA agent Felix Leiter (Jack Lord),…

the Shirelles: June 10, 1941, Passaic), and Beverly Lee (b. August 3, 1941, Passaic).

Bruce Lee: His son, Brandon, followed Lee into acting, and he died after being shot with a misloaded prop gun while filming The Crow (1994).

rockabilly: …performers such as Wanda Jackson, Brenda Lee, and Janis Martin. Other places developed strong rockabilly communities, including Texas (where Buddy Knox, Sleepy LaBeef, Ronnie Dawson, and future country star George Jones were based) and California (home of Ricky Nelson, Eddie Cochran, and the Collins Kids). Still, of the thousands of…

Bruce Lee was an American-born film actor who was renowned for his martial arts prowess and who helped popularize martial arts movies in the 1970s. Lee was born in San Francisco, but he grew up in Hong Kong. He was introduced to the entertainment industry at an early age, as his father was an opera

American literature: Multicultural writing: …and frustration; the Korean American Chang-rae Lee, who focused on family life, political awakening, and generational differences in Native Speaker (1995) and A Gesture Life (1999); and Ha Jin, whose Waiting (1999; National Book Award), set in rural China during and after the Cultural Revolution, was a powerful tale of…

Ridgewood: …married (1782) and where General Charles Lee was court-martialed after his retreat at the Battle of Monmouth Court House (1778) during the American Revolution. In 1810 the community was called Newton, but its name was changed to Godwinville in 1829 to honour Abraham Godwin, a Revolutionary War hero. The coming…

Li Yuchun is a Chinese singer and actress who became one of the country’s top pop stars after winning a nationally televised talent contest in 2005. Li (who calls herself Chris Lee or Chris Li in English) was born and raised in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province in southern China. The daughter of

Christopher Lee was an English actor known for his film portrayals of villains ranging from Dracula to J.R.R. Tolkien’s wizard Saruman. Lee was born to an Italian contessa and a British army officer. After a stint at Wellington College (1936–39), he joined the Royal Air Force (1941–46), attaining

Philadelphia Phillies: Cliff Lee. The three teamed with Hamels to create a strong pitching staff that helped the Phillies win a team-record 102 games in 2011. However, Philadelphia was upset by the St. Louis Cardinals in the opening round of the playoffs.

Cynthia Macdonald was an American poet who employed a sardonic, often flippant tone and used grotesque imagery to comment on the mundane. Lee was educated at Bennington (Vermont) College (B.A., 1950); Mannes College of Music, New York City; and Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York (M.A., 1970).

David Lee is an American physicist who, with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas D. Osheroff, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1996 for their joint discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3. Lee received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in physics from

David Lee is an American physicist who, with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas D. Osheroff, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1996 for their joint discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3. Lee received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in physics from

Chicago Cubs: Curse of the Billy Goat and years in the wilderness: …manager Lou Piniella, first baseman Derrek Lee, third baseman Aramis Ramírez, outfielder Alfonso Soriano, catcher Geovany Soto (who won Rookie of the Year honors in 2008), and pitchers Ryan Dempster, Carlos Zambrano, and Ted Lilly, in 2007 and 2008 the Cubs won consecutive NL Central Division titles—the first time in

Bing Crosby: Other projects, personal life, and death: …married to actress and singer Dixie Lee from 1930 until her death from ovarian cancer in 1952. They had four sons: Gary, Dennis, Phillip, and Lindsay. In 1957 he married actress Kathryn Grant, with whom he had two sons, Harry Lillis III and Nathaniel, and one daughter, Mary.

Haki R. Madhubuti is an African American author, publisher, and teacher who was perhaps best known for his poetry. Don Luther Lee attended several colleges in Chicago and graduate school at the University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1984); he also served in the U.S. Army (1960–63). He taught at various

San Francisco: The late 20th and early 21st centuries: …Mayors Gavin Newsom (2004–11) and Ed Lee (2011–17), the city bounced back, especially with the second technology boom of the 2010s. This led to a population influx in the already crowded city, sparking a construction boom and a widespread increase in property values. However, it also exacerbated the long-standing homelessness…

windmill: In 1745 Edmund Lee in England invented the automatic fantail. This consists of a set of five to eight smaller vanes mounted on the tailpole or the ladder of a post mill at right angles to the sails and connected by gearing to wheels running on a…

Rush: Formation and early albums: …quickly replaced, however, by bassist Geddy Lee, who also became the group’s lead singer.

Arlington National Cemetery: History and lawsuit: …Civil War, Lee’s eldest son, George Washington Custis Lee, sued the federal government for confiscating the plantation. In 1882 the U.S. Supreme Court declared (5–4) that the federal government was a trespasser. Rather than disinter the more than 16,000 people buried at Arlington, however, the U.S. Congress purchased the land…

Gypsy Rose Lee was an American striptease artist, a witty and sophisticated entertainer who was one of the first burlesque artists to imbue a striptease with grace and style. Lee was born in January 1911 in Seattle, according to researchers who have identified her birth certificate. She celebrated

Harper Lee was an American writer nationally acclaimed for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), one of the most widely read works of fiction in American literature. A coming-of-age story about a child’s awakening to the racism and prejudice in her Southern small town, it in many ways reflected

Henry Lee was an American cavalry officer during the American Revolution. He was the father of Robert E. Lee and the author of the resolution passed by Congress upon the death of George Washington containing the celebrated apothegm “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his

Ivy Ledbetter Lee was an American pioneer of 20th-century public-relations methods, who persuaded various business clients to woo public opinion. A graduate of Princeton University, Lee worked as a newspaper reporter in New York City from 1899 to 1903, when he joined the staff of the Citizens’