sang de boeuf, a glossy, rich, bloodred glaze often slashed with streaks of purple or turquoise used to decorate pottery, particularly porcelain. The effect is produced by a method of firing that incorporates copper, a method first discovered by the Chinese of the Ming dynasty, probably during the

advertising fraud: Lanham Act and state laws: …regarding false advertising under the Lanham Act. To establish a violation under the Lanham Act, consumers and competitors must prove that the advertiser made false statements, that the false advertisements actually deceived or had the capacity to deceive, that the deception was material, that the falsely advertised product was sold…

shrike: Bell-shrikes or bellbirds, members of the African genus Laniarius, also of the bush-shrike group, often have names imitative of the males’ notes: boubou and gonolek. They are about 20 cm (8 inches) long, plain-coloured, often with a slash of white on the wings. All black…

shrike: …with red-tinged underparts, is the tropical boubou (L. aethiopicus). Black above and bright red below are the black-headed, or Abyssinian, gonolek (L. erythrogaster) and the Barbary shrike (L. barbarus).

shrike: erythrogaster) and the Barbary shrike (L. barbarus).

shrike: …bright red below are the black-headed, or Abyssinian, gonolek (L. erythrogaster) and the Barbary shrike (L. barbarus).

shrike: All black forms include the sooty boubou (L. leucorhynchus). Black and white, with red-tinged underparts, is the tropical boubou (L. aethiopicus). Black above and bright red below are the black-headed, or Abyssinian, gonolek (L. erythrogaster) and the Barbary shrike (L. barbarus).

Detroit Pistons: …future Hall of Fame center Bob Lanier with the first selection of the 1970 NBA draft, but the team’s mediocrity continued as they had only three winning seasons in Lanier’s 10 years with the Pistons.

The Shakespeare Authorship Question: Much Ado About Who Wrote the Plays: What’s in a name: Alternate Shakespeares: The poet Emilia Lanier (or Lanyer; née Bassano) has also been proposed as a possible alternative. Lanier may have had a connection with Shakespeare’s acting company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, and it has been suggested that she may also have been Black or mixed race, although evidence…

virtual reality: Entertainment: Jaron Lanier, another researcher at Atari, shared Zimmerman’s interest in electronic music. Beginning in 1983, they worked together on improving the design of the data glove, and in 1985 they left Atari to start up VPL Research; its first commercial product was the VPL DataGlove.

Nicholas Lanier was an English composer, singer, and painter, who probably introduced Italian monody into England. In 1617 he painted the scenery, composed the music for, and sang in Ben Jonson’s masque Lovers Made Men, using the new monodic recitative style. In 1625 he became music master to

Sidney Lanier was an American musician and poet whose verse often suggests the rhythms and thematic development of music. Lanier was reared by devoutly religious parents in the traditions of the Old South. As a child he wrote verses and was especially fond of music. After graduation in 1860 from

Willie Lanier is an American professional football player who was an outstanding defensive player for the Kansas City Chiefs in the 1960s and ’70s, a time when the ability of African Americans to play the key defensive position of middle linebacker was questioned. Lanier was named to the Little

Willie Lanier is an American professional football player who was an outstanding defensive player for the Kansas City Chiefs in the 1960s and ’70s, a time when the ability of African Americans to play the key defensive position of middle linebacker was questioned. Lanier was named to the Little

Nicholas Lanier was an English composer, singer, and painter, who probably introduced Italian monody into England. In 1617 he painted the scenery, composed the music for, and sang in Ben Jonson’s masque Lovers Made Men, using the new monodic recitative style. In 1625 he became music master to

shrike, (family Laniidae), any of approximately 30 species of medium-sized predatory birds (order Passeriformes); in particular, any of the more than 25 species of the genus Lanius, constituting the subfamily of true shrikes, Laniinae. With their bills they can kill large insects, lizards, mice,

Kailua-Lanikai, twin residential communities, southeastern Oahu island, Hawaii, U.S. Extending along Kailua Bay, they lie 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Honolulu and just south of Kaneohe. According to Hawaiian legend, the mountainous area surrounding Kailua was formed from a giant turned to stone.

Neuquén: …National Park, the province has Lanín and Laguna Blanca national parks.

butcherbird: …name is given to the Lanius species (see shrike) of the family Laniidae and in Australia to the four to seven species of Cracticus; these are contrastingly patterned (usually black-gray-white) members of the family Cracticidae (order Passeriformes). Cracticus species are stocky, about 28 cm (11 inches) long, with big feet…

migration: In Europe: Golden orioles (Oriolus oriolus) and red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) go to East Africa by way of Greece and Egypt. Swallows—particularly barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) and house martins (Delichon urbica)—and swifts (Apus apus) pass the winter in Africa south of 20° N latitude, particularly in

shrike: …most widespread species is the great gray shrike (L. excubitor), called northern shrike in Canada and the United States, a 24-cm (9.5-inch) black-masked bird. The only other New World species is the similar but smaller loggerhead shrike (L. ludovicianus) of North America. Several Eurasian species have reddish or brown markings.

shrike: …is the similar but smaller loggerhead shrike (L. ludovicianus) of North America. Several Eurasian species have reddish or brown markings.

Dadasaheb Phalke: Later works: …raise enough funds to produce Lanka Dahan (1917; “‎The Burning of Lanka”), based on an episode from the Indian epic Ramayana. Lanka Dahan became one of his biggest commercial hits.

Länkäran, city, southeastern Azerbaijan. It lies on the shore of the Caspian Sea, in the Länkäran Lowland. First mentioned in the 17th century, it was capital of the Talysh khanate of Iran in the 18th century. It was held by Russia from 1728 to 1735 but only fell definitively to Russia in 1813.

Azerbaijan: Relief, drainage, and soils: …feet [2,492 meters]), and the Länkäran Lowland, along the Caspian coast. This lowland, an extension of the Kura-Aras Lowland, reaches the Iranian border near Astara.

Lankavatara-sutra, distinctive and influential philosophical discourse in the Mahayana Buddhist tradition that is said to have been preached by the Buddha in the mythical city Lanka. Dating from perhaps the 4th century, although parts of it may be earlier, it is the chief canonical exposition of

Sir Edwin Ray Lankester was a British authority on general zoology at the turn of the 19th century, who made important contributions to comparative anatomy, embryology, parasitology, and anthropology. In 1871, while a student at the University of Oxford, Lankester became one of the first persons to

James Lankford is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2014 and began representing Oklahoma the following year. He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (2011–15). Lankford grew up in Texas. He studied secondary education at the University of

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), the laboratory that produced the first atomic bombs used during World War II and home of the primary nuclear weapons research facility in the United States. It is located in Los Alamos, New Mexico, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Santa Fe. In 1942 General Leslie

Charles Rockwell Lanman was an American scholar of Sanskrit who wrote the widely used Sanskrit Reader (1884) and helped edit the “Harvard Oriental Series,” which offered scholarly English translations of the ancient Hindu Vedic texts. He received his doctorate from Yale University, where he studied

alluvial fan: The Plateau de Lannemezan on the northern side of the Pyrenees in France, for example, is a large piedmont alluvial fan that is still being built up by the tributaries of the Garonne and Adour rivers. This fan, though, is much too large to have been…

Jean Lannes, duc de Montebello was a French general who, despite his humble origins, rose to the rank of marshal of the First Empire. Napoleon said of him, “I found him a pygmy and left him a giant.” Lannes, the son of a stable boy, learned to read and write from a village priest and was

Guardians of the Galaxy: …team of Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, who were largely responsible for the revival of Marvel’s “cosmic” comic properties, introduced a new team, set in the present day, in Guardians of the Galaxy vol. 2, no. 1 (May 2008). This new generation of Guardians included galactic adventurer Star-Lord; Bug, a…

32 Notable Women Cricketers: Meg Lanning: Meg Lanning is one of cricket’s most successful captains, a charge she took up at the age of just 21. Between 2018 and 2021 the Australian women’s team won 24 consecutive ODIs with Lanning as captain, a record streak in both men’s and…

32 Notable Women Cricketers: Meg Lanning: Meg Lanning is one of cricket’s most successful captains, a charge she took up at the age of just 21. Between 2018 and 2021 the Australian women’s team won 24 consecutive ODIs with Lanning as captain, a record streak in both men’s and…

U2: Later albums and projects: Longtime collaborators Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois played a bigger role in the production and songwriting, and the layered textures of the album’s most experimental work crept back prominently in the mix.

lanolin, purified form of wool grease or wool wax (sometimes erroneously called wool fat), used either alone or with soft paraffin or lard or other fat as a base for ointments, emollients, skin foods, salves, superfatted soaps, and fur dressing. Lanolin, a translucent, yellowish-white, soft,

carbonium ion: Reactions.: …by way of another compound, lanosterol. In this transformation, acid-catalyzed rearrangements—reaction type 6, described earlier—occur repeatedly.

Belgian literature: Prose: Such authors as Tom Lanoye and Stefan Hertmans made their mark in more than one genre. Lanoye was a performing poet and a passionate, often iconoclastic critic as well as a fiction writer. Hertmans’s critical essays are cosmopolitan and erudite, his poetry hermetic, and his fiction hallucinatory.

Charles Lanrezac was a French army commander during the first part of World War I who, though a capable tactician, proved unable to stop the German advance in northern France and was consequently replaced. Rising steadily in the French army, Lanrezac had by 1914 become a member of the Conseil

Angela Lansbury was a British-born American character actress who achieved success and acclaim for her stage, film, and television work. Lansbury and her widowed mother, actress Moyna MacGill, emigrated from England to the United States in 1940. From 1940 to 1942 Lansbury studied acting at the

George Lansbury was a leader of the British Labour Party (1931–35), a Socialist and poor-law reformer who was forced to resign the party leadership because of his extreme pacifism. A railway worker at the age of 14 and later a timber merchant, he became a propagandist for Henry Mayers Hyndman’s

Bath: …the son; the Guildhall, 1775; Lansdown Crescent, built by John Palmer, 1796–97; and the 1795 pavilion in Sydney Gardens, Bathwick, which now houses the art collection of the Holburne Museum. In 1942 the Assembly Rooms of 1771 were destroyed in an air raid from which the whole city suffered severely,…

Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th marquess of Lansdowne was an Irish nobleman and British diplomat who served as viceroy of Canada and of India, secretary for war, and foreign secretary. The eldest son of the 4th marquess, he attended Eton and, on the death of his father, succeeded at age

William Petty-Fitzmaurice, 1st marquess of Lansdowne was a British statesman and prime minister (July 1782 to April 1783) during the reign of George III. The son of John Fitzmaurice, who took the additional name of Petty on succeeding to the Irish estates of his uncle and who was created earl of

Peider Lansel was a Romansh leader of the revival of Rhaeto-Romance language and culture and one of its most accomplished lyric poets. Spending every summer at his family’s native village of Sent in the Engadine, Lansel devoted himself to the collection and critical examination of Rhaeto-Romance

Lansing, capital of Michigan, U.S., located in Ingham county. The city site, on the Grand River at its junction with the Red Cedar River, was a wilderness when the state capital was moved there from Detroit (about 85 miles [140 km] southeast) in 1847. At first called Village of Michigan, in 1849 it

Tomáš Masaryk: Fight for Czech and Slovak independence: The Lansing Declaration of May 1918 expressed the sympathy of the U.S. government with the Czechoslovak freedom movement, and Czechoslovakia’s liberation became one of Wilson’s Fourteen Points for the post-World War I peace settlement. Masaryk also concluded the so-called Pittsburgh Convention with the Slovak associations in…

Kansas City Group: …Group underlie those of the Lansing Group and overlie those of the Pleasanton Group, all of which are included within the Missourian Series. The Kansas City Group consists of six limestone formations that alternate with six shale units. The rocks are fossiliferous and contain important fusulinid genera useful for stratigraphic…

Robert Lansing was an international lawyer and U.S. secretary of state (1915–20), who negotiated the Lansing–Ishii Agreement (1917) attempting to harmonize U.S.–Japanese relations toward China; he eventually broke with Pres. Woodrow Wilson over differences in approach to the League of Nations.

Lansing–Ishii Agreement, (Nov. 2, 1917), attempt to reconcile conflicting U.S. and Japanese policies in China during World War I by a public exchange of notes between the U.S. secretary of state, Robert Lansing, and Viscount Ishii Kikujirō of Japan, a special envoy to Washington. Japan promised

Harvey Keitel: …historical drama Fatima (2020) and Lansky (2021), a biopic about the gangster Meyer Lansky.

Meyer Lansky was one of the most powerful and richest of U.S. crime syndicate chiefs and bankers. He had major interests in gambling, especially in Florida, pre-Castro Cuba, Las Vegas, and the Bahamas. A Polish Jew born in the Russian Pale of Settlement, Lansky immigrated with his parents to New

proton pump inhibitor: …proton pump inhibitors include omeprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole.

typesetting machine: …in 1885 another American inventor, Tolbert Lanston, perfected the Monotype (q.v.), a machine in which type is cast in individual letters. Both machines were made possible by the development of machine tools, specifically, the mechanical punch cutter. A third process, the Intertype (q.v.), developed later, also sets type by the…

Hans Jacob Christoph von Grimmelshausen: … include Die Lanstörtzerin Courage (1669; Courage, the Adventuress)—which inspired Bertolt Brecht’s play Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (1941; Mother Courage and Her Children)—and Das wunderbarliche Vogelnest (1672; “The Magical Bird’s Nest”). One part of the latter, translated as The False Messiah (1964), is about an adventurer whose

Lantana, genus of more than 150 shrubs native to tropical America and Africa and belonging to the verbena family (Verbenaceae), order Lamiales. Common lantana (L. camara), growing to 3 metres (10 feet) tall, is a weed in tropical America, but elsewhere it is much used as a garden plant. It blooms

conservation: Introduced species: >Lantana camara, for example, which were introduced as ornamental plants, have destroyed huge areas of grazing land worldwide.

Lantana: Trailing lantana (L. montevidensis), from South America, is a small-leaved, drooping, thinly branched species that bears rose-lavender flowers. Other species are variously known as yellow sage, weeping (or trailing) lantana, and polecat geranium.

Lantao Island, island located about 6 miles (10 km) west of Hong Kong Island, part of the New Territories of Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China. About 17 miles (27 km) long and 6 miles (9.5 km) wide, it has an area of 58 square miles (150 square km). Consisting of mountains rising

Lantao Island, island located about 6 miles (10 km) west of Hong Kong Island, part of the New Territories of Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China. About 17 miles (27 km) long and 6 miles (9.5 km) wide, it has an area of 58 square miles (150 square km). Consisting of mountains rising

Hong Kong: Relief: …3,064 feet (934 meters) on Lantau Peak and 2,851 feet (869 meters) on Sunset Peak. Extending southeastward from Mount Tai Mo, the Kowloon Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet (602 meters), but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet (198 meters) at Devil’s Peak. Victoria (Hong Kong)…

garden and landscape design: Italian: …between the beds) of the Villa Lante at Bagnaia (begun 1564) is designed neither for solitary enjoyment nor for a crowd but for a select, discerning company—as is the garden of the far more splendid Villa Farnese at Caprarola (completed 1587). The most remarkable mid-16th-century garden, that of the Villa…

loo, gambling card game often mentioned in English literature. The name derives from the French lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song. Popularity of the game faded in the 20th century. The players may number from five to about nine, each playing for himself. A standard 52-card deck

lantern, a case, ordinarily metal, with transparent or translucent sides, used to contain and protect a lamp. Lamp-containing lanterns have been found at Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other classical sites. They have been made of iron, silver, gold, and tin and their sides of horn, talc, leather, oiled

lantern, in architecture, originally an openwork timber construction placed on top of a building to admit light and allow smoke to escape. Something of this idea persists in medieval examples such as the lantern above the central octagon of Ely Cathedral (14th century). The term lantern soon came

Lantern Festival, holiday celebrated in China and other Asian countries that honours deceased ancestors on the 15th day of the first month (Yuan) of the lunar calendar. The Lantern Festival aims to promote reconciliation, peace, and forgiveness. The holiday marks the first full moon of the new

lantern fish, any of the numerous species of small, abundant, deep-sea fish of the family Myctophidae. Some lantern fish live in the depths to 300 metres (about 1,000 feet) by day, but at night they may approach the surface. Others live deeper and do not approach the surface. They are somewhat

lantern of the dead, small stone structure with windows in the upper part, in which lamps were placed to mark the position of a cemetery at night. Their use, which seems limited to western and central France, is probably owing to a traditional survival of primitive Celtic rather than Christian

Edna O’Brien: Other works: … (1974), A Fanatic Heart (1984), Lantern Slides (1990), and Saints and Sinners (2011), the last of which won the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award.

flashlight fish, any of three species of fishes in the family Anomalopidae (order Beryciformes), characterized by the presence of luminescent organs just below the eye. They are among the few species of non-deep-sea fishes to possess such organs. Bioluminescent bacteria create the light

lanternfly, (Lanternaria phosphorea), a large, brightly coloured South American plant hopper (order Homoptera) that lives on trees and is relatively uncommon. Its most remarkable feature is the inflated anterior prolongation of the head, which contains a pouchlike extension from the digestive

lantern of the dead, small stone structure with windows in the upper part, in which lamps were placed to mark the position of a cemetery at night. Their use, which seems limited to western and central France, is probably owing to a traditional survival of primitive Celtic rather than Christian

lantern fish, any of the numerous species of small, abundant, deep-sea fish of the family Myctophidae. Some lantern fish live in the depths to 300 metres (about 1,000 feet) by day, but at night they may approach the surface. Others live deeper and do not approach the surface. They are somewhat

lanternfly, (Lanternaria phosphorea), a large, brightly coloured South American plant hopper (order Homoptera) that lives on trees and is relatively uncommon. Its most remarkable feature is the inflated anterior prolongation of the head, which contains a pouchlike extension from the digestive

Buddhism: Anniversaries: …events of the Buddha’s life—his birth, enlightenment, and entrance into final nirvana (parinibbana)—are commemorated in all Buddhist countries but not everywhere on the same day. In Theravada countries the three events are all observed together on Vesak (also spelled Wesak), the full moon day of the sixth lunar month (Vesakha),…

lanthanide, any of the series of 15 consecutive chemical elements in the periodic table from lanthanum to lutetium (atomic numbers 57–71). With scandium and yttrium, they make up the rare-earth metals. Their atoms have similar configurations and similar physical and chemical behaviour; the most

lanthanide contraction, in chemistry, the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare-earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum (atomic number 57) through lutetium (atomic number 71). For each consecutive atom the nuclear charge is more positive by one unit,

lanthanide, any of the series of 15 consecutive chemical elements in the periodic table from lanthanum to lutetium (atomic numbers 57–71). With scandium and yttrium, they make up the rare-earth metals. Their atoms have similar configurations and similar physical and chemical behaviour; the most

lanthanide contraction, in chemistry, the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare-earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum (atomic number 57) through lutetium (atomic number 71). For each consecutive atom the nuclear charge is more positive by one unit,

monitor: The earless monitor (L. borneensis), a rare and little-known lizard native to Borneo, is the only species in the subfamily Lanthanotinae. It too is elongate with a relatively long neck, but the limbs are small. It grows to a length of 40 cm (16 inches).

lanthanum (La), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table, that is the prototype of the lanthanide series of elements. Lanthanum is a ductile and malleable silvery white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the second most reactive of the rare-earth

lanthanum: Highly purified lanthanum oxide is an ingredient in the manufacture of low-dispersion, high-refraction glasses for lens components. Lanthanum is often used as LaNi5-based hydrogen-storage alloys and nickel–metal hydride rechargeable batteries in hybrid automobiles. Lanthanum is added to ferrous alloys (to

Yorgos Lanthimos is a Greek director and screenwriter known for his surreal films that combine absurd scenarios, striking set designs, and stories of penetrating psychological insight. Lanthimos learned his trade directing television commercials and music videos in Greece before turning to feature

Lantian man, fossils of hominins (members of the human lineage) found in 1963 and 1964 by Chinese archaeologists at two sites in Lantian district, Shaanxi province, China. One specimen was found at each site: a cranium (skullcap) at Gongwangling (Kung-wang-ling) and a mandible (lower jaw) at

Shaanxi: Relief and drainage: …the Hanzhong Basin; and the Lantian Pass southeast of Xi’an, which affords a route to Nanyang in Henan and to northern Anhui province.

xingshu: …of early surviving Chinese calligraphy, Lanting Xu (“Essay on the Orchid Pavilion”), written in 353 by Wang Xizhi but surviving only in several fine tracing copies and other forms of duplication such as rubbings, is written in this script.

xingshu: …of early surviving Chinese calligraphy, Lanting Xu (“Essay on the Orchid Pavilion”), written in 353 by Wang Xizhi but surviving only in several fine tracing copies and other forms of duplication such as rubbings, is written in this script.

Walter Lantz was an American motion-picture animator, cartoon producer, and creator of the cartoon character Woody Woodpecker. At age 16, Lantz worked as a newspaper cartoonist and began experimenting with animation that same year. In 1922 he went to work for Bray Studios in New York City, where he

hair: …first to develop is the lanugo, a layer of downy, slender hairs that begin growing in the third or fourth month of fetal life and are entirely shed either before or shortly after birth. During the first few months of infancy there grow fine, short, unpigmented hairs called down hair,…

Lanús: … (county seat) and partido (county) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, eastern Argentina. It is located directly south of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires provincia (province). Much of the early settlement of Lanús, formerly called the county of Cuatro de Junio, was linked to the colonization and…

Lanús, cabecera (county seat) and partido (county) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, eastern Argentina. It is located directly south of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires provincia (province). Much of the early settlement of Lanús, formerly called the county of Cuatro de Junio, was linked to

Terence: …rivals, particularly one older playwright, Luscius Lanuvinus, who launched a series of accusations against the newcomer. The main source of contention was Terence’s dramatic method. It was the custom for these Roman dramatists to draw their material from earlier Greek comedies about rich young men and the difficulties that attended…

advanced ceramics: The Lanxide process: Another chemical bonding method is the Lanxide process, introduced by the Lanxide Company in the United States. In this process a molten metal is reacted with a gas to form a metal-ceramic composite at the metal-gas interface. As the composite grows at the…

Johann Schober: …Habsburg Empire by signing the Treaty of Lány with Czechoslovakia in December 1921. But the Pan-Germans, who viewed the treaty as a possible obstruction to Austria’s ultimate union with Germany, withdrew from the government, and in May 1922 Schober resigned, returning to the post of president of police. In July…

pottery: Faience, or tin-glazed ware: Figures by J.W. Lanz, who also worked in porcelain here and at Frankenthal, are to be seen. Much work was done in the fashionable Rococo style, including objects, such as clock cases and wall cisterns, and tureens in the form of fruit and vegetables. Both faience and…

Giovanni Lanza was an Italian statesman and political activist of the Risorgimento who was premier in 1870 when Rome became the capital of a united Italy and who helped organize the political forces of the centre-left. After graduating from the University of Turin as a doctor of medicine, Lanza

Robert P. Lanza is an American scientist known for his research on cloning, particularly his contributions to the refinement of a somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique that enabled the generation of the world’s first human embryonic stem (ES) cells from aged somatic (body) cells. As a

Robert P. Lanza is an American scientist known for his research on cloning, particularly his contributions to the refinement of a somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique that enabled the generation of the world’s first human embryonic stem (ES) cells from aged somatic (body) cells. As a

Lanzarote, island, Las Palmas provincia (province), in the Canary Islands comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), Spain. It is the easternmost of the Canary Islands, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Although it rises to only 2,198 feet (670 metres) at Peñas del Chache, it is mountainous, with