- Lai language
Tibeto-Burman languages: Tibeto-Burman and areal grammar: …Chin languages such as Mizo, Lai, and Tiddim typically have two forms, with complex distribution patterns. In Lai, for instance, Form I occurs mostly in independent clauses and Form II mostly in subordinate ones, but with many complications (e.g., kaap (I) / kaʔ (II) ‘shoot’; toŋ (I) / ton (II)…
- Lai, Afong (Chinese photographer)
history of photography: Landscape and architectural documentation: …exceptions included the Chinese photographer Afong Lai and the Brazilian photographer Marc Ferrez, both of whom produced excellent views of their native countries. In particular, Lai’s serene compositions reflected the conventions of the long-standing tradition of Chinese landscape painting.
- Lai, Jimmy (Chinese-born British businessman)
Jimmy Lai’s life has been defined and bookended by the actions of the Chinese Communist Party. As a boy, his family lost just about everything in the Communist Party takeover. As an adult, the Chinese-born British citizen built clothing and media empires that embodied his sharp criticism of China’s
- LAIA (international organization)
Latin American Integration Association, organization that was established by the Treaty of Montevideo (August 1980) and became operational in March 1981. It seeks economic cooperation among its members. Original members were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay,
- Laibach (national capital, Slovenia)
Ljubljana, capital city and economic, political, and cultural centre of Slovenia, located on the Ljubljanica River. The city lies in central Slovenia in a natural depression surrounded by high peaks of the Julian Alps. A walled Roman encampment was built there in the mid-1st century bce by Roman
- Laibach, Congress of (European history)
Congress of Laibach, (Jan. 26–May 12, 1821), meeting of the Holy Alliance powers (all European rulers except those of Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and the papacy) at Laibach (now Ljubljana, Slovenia) that set the conditions for Austrian intervention in and occupation of the Two Sicilies in action
- laibon (African ritual leader)
eastern Africa: The Luo and Maasai: …the auspices of their rival laibons, or ritual leaders—among whom Mbatian, who succeeded his father, Subet, in 1866, was the most famous—in a succession of internecine conflicts largely over cattle and grazing grounds. Their wars denuded the Laikipia and Uasin Gishu plateaus of their former Maasai, the so-called Wakwavi, who,…
- Laidlaw, Alice Ann (Canadian author)
Alice Munro was a Canadian short-story writer who gained international recognition with her exquisitely drawn narratives. The Swedish Academy dubbed her a “master of the contemporary short story” when it awarded her the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2013. Munro’s work is noted for its precise
- Laidlaw, Patrick P. (British scientist)
virus: Andrewes, and Patrick P. Laidlaw were able to transmit influenza to ferrets, and the influenza virus was subsequently adapted to mice. In 1941 the American scientist George K. Hirst found that influenza virus grown in tissues of the chicken embryo could be detected by its capacity to…
- Laidoner, Johan (Estonian patriot)
Johan Laidoner was an Estonian soldier and patriot who led the Estonian liberation army in 1918 and supported the authoritarian regime of Konstantin Päts in the 1930s. Educated in Russia for a military career, Laidoner earned the rank of lieutenant colonel in Russian service. He served in World War
- Laie (Hawaii, United States)
Laie, town, Honolulu county, on Laie Bay, northeastern Oahu island, Hawaii, U.S. The land was acquired by Mormon missionaries in 1864 and settled by a colony of Hawaiian Mormons. The impressive white Laie Hawaii Temple, where the highest rites of the Mormon church can be performed, was built in
- Laighin (ancient kingdom, Ireland)
Ireland: Political and social organization: (Ulaidh), Meath (Midhe), Leinster (Laighin), Munster (Mumhain), and Connaught (Connacht).
- Laighton, Celia (American poet)
Celia Laighton Thaxter was an American poet whose work centred thematically on the islands and ocean of her youth. Celia Laighton grew up among the Isles of Shoals off the New Hampshire coast. On Appledore Island her father operated a successful resort hotel that included among its guests Ralph
- Laigin (province, Ireland)
Leinster, the southeastern province of Ireland. It comprises the counties of Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Offaly, Longford, Louth, Meath, Laoighis, Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow. In its present form the province incorporates the ancient kingdom of Meath (Midhe) as well as that of Leinster,
- Laika (Soviet dog cosmonaut)
Laika, a dog that was the first living creature to be launched into Earth orbit, on board the Soviet artificial satellite Sputnik 2, on November 3, 1957. It was always understood that Laika would not survive the mission, but her actual fate was misrepresented for decades. Laika was a small (13
- Laima (Baltic deity)
Laima, (from Lithuanian laimė, “happiness,” “luck”), in Baltic religion, the goddess of fate, generally associated with the linden tree. Together with Dievs, the sky, and Saule, the sun, Laima determines the length and fortune of human life. In the course of each life she helps arrange marriages,
- Laima-Dalia (Baltic deity)
Laima, (from Lithuanian laimė, “happiness,” “luck”), in Baltic religion, the goddess of fate, generally associated with the linden tree. Together with Dievs, the sky, and Saule, the sun, Laima determines the length and fortune of human life. In the course of each life she helps arrange marriages,
- Laimbeer, Bill (American basketball player and coach)
Dallas Wings: He was replaced by Bill Laimbeer, a former All-Star center for the National Basketball Association’s Detroit Pistons. Under Laimbeer the Shock quickly transformed into one of the league’s dominant teams. In 2003 the team posted a league-best 25–9 record and advanced to the finals, where it captured the championship…
- Laine, Cleo (British singer)
Cleo Laine was a British singer and actress with a four-octave range who mastered a variety of styles but was best known as the “Queen of Jazz.” Born Clementina Campbell, she was the daughter of a Jamaican father, Alec Campbell, and an English mother, Minnie Hitchings. She quit school at age 14 and
- Laine, Dame Cleo (British singer)
Cleo Laine was a British singer and actress with a four-octave range who mastered a variety of styles but was best known as the “Queen of Jazz.” Born Clementina Campbell, she was the daughter of a Jamaican father, Alec Campbell, and an English mother, Minnie Hitchings. She quit school at age 14 and
- Laine, Denny (British musician)
Paul McCartney and Wings: Beginnings and Wild Life: He invited guitarist Denny Laine (b. Brian Hines, October 29, 1944, near Jersey, Channel Islands), former Moody Blues member and longtime friend, as well as Ram session drummer Denny Seiwell (b. July 10, 1943, Lehighton, Pennsylvania) to join.
- Laine, Frankie (American singer)
Richard Quine: …featuring Terry Moore and singer Frankie Laine. The comedy Sound Off starred Mickey Rooney, and Rainbow ’Round My Shoulder (both 1952) was another Laine musical; Quine cowrote the latter with Blake Edwards, and the two collaborated on several other screenplays. After Siren of Bagdad (1953) and several forgettable films, Quine…
- Laine, Papa Jack (American musician)
Dixieland: …city’s two most popular musicians, “Papa” Jack Laine and Buddy Bolden. Laine, a drummer who led bands in New Orleans from 1891, is often referred to as the father of white jazz. Specializing first in French and German marching music, his band by 1910 had converted almost entirely to ragtime.…
- Laing, Alexander Gordon (Scottish explorer)
Alexander Gordon Laing was a Scottish explorer of western Africa and the first European known to have reached the ancient city of Timbuktu. Serving with the British army in Sierra Leone (1822), Laing was sent among the Mande people of the region by the governor, Charles (later Sir Charles)
- Laing, R.D. (British psychiatrist)
R.D. Laing was a British psychiatrist noted for his alternative approach to the treatment of schizophrenia. Laing was born into a working-class family and grew up in Glasgow. He studied medicine and psychiatry and earned a doctoral degree in medicine at the University of Glasgow in 1951. After
- Laing, Ronald David (British psychiatrist)
R.D. Laing was a British psychiatrist noted for his alternative approach to the treatment of schizophrenia. Laing was born into a working-class family and grew up in Glasgow. He studied medicine and psychiatry and earned a doctoral degree in medicine at the University of Glasgow in 1951. After
- Laingiomedusae (cnidarian suborder)
cnidarian: Annotated classification: Suborder Laingiomedusae Medusae with features of both Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae. Polyp unknown. Suborder Narcomedusae Scalloped margin; gonads on stomach walls. Manubrium lacking. Suborder Trachymedusae Smooth bell margin; gonads on radial canals arising from
- Lainsitz River (river, Europe)
Lužnice River, river in Niederösterreich Bundesland (“federal state”), Austria, and Jihočeský kraj (region), Czech Republic. The Lužnice rises in the Freiwald forest of Austria as the Lainsitz River. It flows northward, soon crossing into the Czech Republic and passing through the Třeboň lake
- Laird, Macgregor (British explorer)
Macgregor Laird was a Scottish explorer, shipbuilder, and merchant who contributed to the knowledge of the Niger River. In 1832 Laird accompanied his Liverpool firm’s expedition, commanded by the Cornish explorer Richard Lander, to the delta of the Niger River. Among the three ships was the
- Laird, Melvin (American public official)
David Packard: …deputy to Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Packard oversaw the initial plans for the development of two of the country’s most successful jet fighter programs, the F-16 and the A-10. He served until 1971, when he resigned and returned to Hewlett-Packard the next year as chairman of the board. In…
- Laird, Melvin Robert, Jr. (American public official)
David Packard: …deputy to Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird. Packard oversaw the initial plans for the development of two of the country’s most successful jet fighter programs, the F-16 and the A-10. He served until 1971, when he resigned and returned to Hewlett-Packard the next year as chairman of the board. In…
- Laird, Peter (American cartoonist)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: …by cartoonists Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, who published the first TMNT comic book (1984) in black and white, financed by a tax refund and a family loan. They also put together an inexpensive press kit and mailed it to a number of media outlets. Their kit generated a surprising…
- Laird, William (British manufacturer)
Birkenhead: …the Mersey, in 1824 by William Laird, a pioneer in the construction of iron ships. Laird also laid out the nucleus of the town on a grid plan. In 1828 proposals were made for the conversion of Wallasey Pool into an artificial basin. The first docks were built in less…
- Lairesse, Gérard de (writer)
Rembrandt: The myth of Rembrandt’s fall: …artist and writer on art Gérard de Lairesse, who met Rembrandt as a young man and was portrayed by him in 1665, confessed in 1707: “I do not want to deny that once I had a special preference for his manner; but at that time I had hardly begun to…
- Lais, Le (poem by Villon)
François Villon: Life: …himself entitled Le Lais (The Legacy). It takes the form of a list of “bequests,” ironically conceived, made to friends and acquaintances before leaving them and the city. To his barber he leaves the clippings from his hair; to three well-known local usurers, some small change; to the clerk…
- laissez-faire (economics)
laissez-faire, policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society. The origin of the term is uncertain, but folklore suggests that it is derived from the answer Jean-Baptiste Colbert, comptroller general of finance under King Louis XIV of France, received
- Laitin, David (American political scientist)
civil war: Economic causes of civil war: …political scientists James Fearon and David Laitin claimed that civil war is primarily a problem of weak states and that weakness is largely determined by economic development. Researchers in this tradition also linked mobilization to the role of individual incentives. Opportunities for insurgencies are greater when participants can prosper from…
- laity (religion)
Buddhism: Popular religious practices: …takes place between monks and laypersons. Like the Buddha himself, the monks embody or represent the higher levels of spiritual achievement, which they make available in various ways to the laity. The laity improve their soteriological condition by giving the monks material gifts that function as sacrificial offerings. Although the…
- Laius (Greek mythology)
Oedipus: Birth, abandonment, and adoption: …one version of the story, Laius, king of Thebes, was warned by an oracle that his son would slay him. Accordingly, when his wife, Jocasta (Iocaste), bore a son, he had the baby exposed (a form of infanticide) on the mountain Cithaeron. (Tradition has it that the name “Oedipus,” which…
- Laja River (river, Mexico)
Laja River, river in Guanajuato estado (state), north-central Mexico. After rising in the Sierra Madre Occidental near San Felipe (Doctor Hernandez Alvarez), the Laja arches eastward and then southeastward through the central plateau, past the cities of Dolores Hidalgo, San Miguel de Allende,
- Laja, Río (river, Mexico)
Laja River, river in Guanajuato estado (state), north-central Mexico. After rising in the Sierra Madre Occidental near San Felipe (Doctor Hernandez Alvarez), the Laja arches eastward and then southeastward through the central plateau, past the cities of Dolores Hidalgo, San Miguel de Allende,
- Lajcak, Miroslav (Slovak government official)
Epstein Files Fallout: The Resignations, Firings, and Arrests: Miroslav Lajčák: Slovakia’s national security adviser resigns: The key adviser to Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico resigned after the release of emails between Lajčák and Epstein. In one exchange about young women, Lajčák wrote to Epstein, “Sharing is caring.” For his part, Fico decried Lajčák’s…
- Lajes (Brazil)
Lajes, city, east-central Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil, lying north of the Caveiras River in the Paraná Mountains, at 3,000 feet (900 metres) above sea level. Formed as a municipality in 1800, it was settled chiefly by Germans and in 1866 was elevated to city status. Livestock
- Lajnah, Al- (novel by Ibrāhīm)
Ṣunʿ Allāh Ibrāhīm: In Al-Lajnah (1981; The Committee), his best-known novel, he satirizes Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sādāt’s policy of infitāḥ (Arabic: “opening”), which decentralized the economy and opened Egypt to foreign investment but failed to curb censorship. Because of that censorship, the novel had to be published in Lebanon.
- Lajnat al-Difāʿ ʿan al-Ḥuqūq al-Sharʿiyyah (Sunni Muslim group)
Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights, Sunnite Muslim group opposed to the ruling Saud dynasty in Saudi Arabia. The group was founded in 1992 and consists largely of academics and lower-level Muslim clergy. It considers itself a pressure group for peaceful reform and for improving human
- lajnat al-qirāʾah (censorship authority)
Arabic literature: Drama: …by censorship authorities (known as lajnat al-qirāʾah). These practical issues aside, modern Arabic drama continued to exist in a cultural milieu in which there was ongoing tension between the perceived tastes (and concomitant financial support) of elite and popular audiences and between the differing aesthetic criteria applied to productions in…
- Lajoie, Nap (American baseball player)
Nap Lajoie was an American professional baseball player who was one of the game’s best hitters and an outstanding fielder. Lajoie had a .338 career batting average, the second highest ever for a second baseman, with 3,242 hits, the 14th highest total in major league history. Lajoie’s formal
- Lajoie, Napoleon (American baseball player)
Nap Lajoie was an American professional baseball player who was one of the game’s best hitters and an outstanding fielder. Lajoie had a .338 career batting average, the second highest ever for a second baseman, with 3,242 hits, the 14th highest total in major league history. Lajoie’s formal
- Lajos II (king of Hungary and Bohemia)
Louis II was the king of Hungary and of Bohemia from 1516, who was the last of the Jagiełło line to rule those countries and the last king to rule all of Hungary before the Turks conquered a large portion of it. The only son of Vladislas II of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis was sickly as a child but
- Lajos Kossuth University (university, Debrecen, Hungary)
Hungary: Higher education: …Loránd Eötvös University of Budapest, Lajos Kossuth University of Debrecen, Janus Pannonius University of Pécs, Attila József University of Szeged, the Technical University of Budapest, and the Budapest University of Economic Sciences. There were also dozens of specialized schools and colleges throughout the country. In 2000 most of these specialized…
- Lajos Nagy (king of Hungary)
Louis I was the king of Hungary from 1342 and of Poland from 1370, who, during much of his long reign, was involved in wars with Venice and Naples. Louis was crowned king of Hungary in succession to his father, Charles I, on July 21, 1342. In 1346 he was defeated by the Venetians at Zara (now
- Lajpat Rai, Lala (Indian writer and politician)
Lajpat Rai was an Indian writer and politician, outspoken in his advocacy of a militant anti-British nationalism in the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), and one of the “Lal Bal Pal” trio, along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal. The trio, along with some other Congress
- Lajunen, Samppa (Finnish athlete)
Olympic Games: Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S., 2002: …silver in Alpine skiing; and Samppa Lajunen of Finland, who won all three Nordic combined events. The Salt Lake Games also saw bobsledder Vonetta Flowers become the first Black athlete to win a Winter gold medal. Canadian hockey player Jarome Iginla then became the first Black male athlete to win…
- Lājvard ware (pottery)
Lājvard ware, type of vase from Kāshān, Iran, mentioned in Abū al-Qāsim’s treatise on ceramics (1301). Vases were executed in simple red, white, black, and gold leaf designs on a turquoise or dark blue matte glaze. The designs were almost exclusively abstract and floral. Lājvard (Persian: “lapis
- Lajvardina ware (pottery)
Lājvard ware, type of vase from Kāshān, Iran, mentioned in Abū al-Qāsim’s treatise on ceramics (1301). Vases were executed in simple red, white, black, and gold leaf designs on a turquoise or dark blue matte glaze. The designs were almost exclusively abstract and floral. Lājvard (Persian: “lapis
- Lak language
Caucasian languages: The Lak-Dargin languages: Lak (also spelled Lakk, with some 100,000 speakers) and Dargin (or Dargwa, with 350,000) are spoken in the central part of Dagestan. Both are written languages. The Lak language is quite homogeneous with regard to its dialects; Dargin, however, possesses several diversified dialects—sometimes considered as…
- Lak-Dargin languages
Lak-Dargin languages, two related languages spoken in central Dagestan in the Caucasus—Lak and Dargin. Both are written languages. The dialects of Dargin differ considerably from one another and are considered by some scholars to be separate languages. The Lak-Dargin languages are often placed in
- Lak-Dargwa languages
Lak-Dargin languages, two related languages spoken in central Dagestan in the Caucasus—Lak and Dargin. Both are written languages. The dialects of Dargin differ considerably from one another and are considered by some scholars to be separate languages. The Lak-Dargin languages are often placed in
- Laka (people)
Chad: Ethnic groups: The Laka and Mbum peoples live to the west of the Sara groups and, like the Gula and Tumak of the Goundi area, are culturally distinct from their Sara neighbors. Along the banks of the Chari and Logone rivers, and in the region between the two…
- lakabi ware (pottery)
Kāshān ware, in Islamic ceramics, a style of lustreware pottery associated with Kāshān, Persia (Iran), from about the beginning of the 11th century until the mid-14th century. It was derived from motifs in earlier textiles and is especially noted for the density and delicate execution of its
- Lakagígar (volcano, Iceland)
Laki, volcanic fissure and mountain in southern Iceland, just southwest of Vatna Glacier (Vatnajokull), the island’s largest ice field. Mount Laki was the only conspicuous topographic feature in the path of the developing fissure eruption that is now known as Lakagígar (English: “Laki Craters”).
- lakalaka (dance)
Oceanic music and dance: Polynesia: …dance, which flourishes today, the lakalaka, is performed by men and women together in accompaniment to sung poetry only. Solo and small group dances performed by one, four, or eight women often follow the large group dances and are more concerned with beautiful movements than with interpretation of poetry, although…
- Lakanal, Joseph (French educator)
Joseph Lakanal was an educator who reformed the French educational system during the French Revolution. At the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, Lakanal was working as a teacher. In 1792 he was elected to the revolutionary legislature known as the National Convention. He voted for the
- Lakatos, Imré (British philosopher)
philosophy of biology: Molecular biology: …strengths—something the Hungarian-born British philosopher Imré Lakatos (1922–74) called a “rational reconstruction.”
- Lake (people)
Plateau Indian: Language: and include the Okanagan, Sinkaietk, Lake, Wenatchee, Sanpoil, Nespelim, Spokan, Kalispel, Pend d’Oreille, Coeur d’Alene, and Flathead peoples. Some early works incorrectly denote all Salishan groups as
- lake (pigment)
lake, any of a class of pigments composed of organic dyes that have been rendered insoluble by interaction with a compound of a metal. The interaction may involve the precipitation of a salt in which the proportions of dye to metal are fixed, or it may be a less well defined attraction between the
- lake (physical feature)
lake, any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin of appreciable size. Definitions that precisely distinguish lakes, ponds, swamps, and even rivers and other bodies of nonoceanic water are not well established. It may be said, however, that rivers and
- Lake Baikal Coastal Protection Zone (protected area, Russia)
Lake Baikal: The Lake Baikal Coastal Protection Zone, covering the lake and its environs (a total of 34,000 square miles [88,000 square km]), was created in 1987, and the same area was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1996.
- lake breeze (meteorology)
sea breeze, a local wind system characterized by a flow from sea to land during the day. Sea breezes alternate with land breezes along the coastal regions of oceans or large lakes in the absence of a strong large-scale wind system during periods of strong daytime heating or nighttime cooling. Those
- Lake Cargelligo (town, New South Wales, Australia)
Lake Cargelligo, town, central New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on Lake Cargelligo, near the Lachlan River, in the fertile Riverina district. In 1817 British explorer John Oxley was the first European to visit the lake. The first settler (1842) on the site of the present town named it
- Lake Chad Basin Commission (African agency)
Africa: Availability for human use: …Niger Basin Authority, and the Lake Chad Basin Commission.
- Lake Champlain, Battle of (War of 1812)
Battle of Plattsburgh, battle during the War of 1812, fought on September 6–11, 1814, by land and naval forces of Britain and the United States. The battle resulted in an important American victory on Lake Champlain, one that likely saved New York from British invasion by way of the Hudson River
- Lake Charles (Louisiana, United States)
Lake Charles, city, seat (1852) of Calcasieu parish, southwestern Louisiana, U.S., on the Calcasieu River about 70 miles (113 km) west of Lafayette. Adjacent to the town of Sulphur, it is a port of entry on a 34-mile (55-km) deepwater channel (completed 1926) and is linked to the Gulf of Mexico via
- Lake Chelan National Recreation Area (recreation area, Washington, United States)
Lake Chelan: …northwestern portion is included within Lake Chelan National Recreation Area (established 1968), which is part of North Cascades National Park Service Complex. The southeastern end of the lake, lying outside of federal lands, is dotted with vacation homes and is heavily visited. The national recreation area is largely within a…
- lake chubsucker (fish)
sucker: The lake chubsucker (Erimyzon sucetta), for example, is a small species up to 25 cm (10 inches) long, and the bigmouth buffalo fish (Ictiobus cyprinellus), a large sucker, measures up to 90 cm in length and 33 kg (73 pounds) in weight. Suckers are bony but…
- Lake City (Florida, United States)
Lake City, city, seat (1832) of Columbia county, northern Florida, U.S., near Osceola National Forest, about 60 miles (100 km) west of Jacksonville. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto passed through the area in 1539. The city occupies the site of a Seminole village ruled by a chief called Halpatter
- Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (national park, Alaska, United States)
Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, rugged wilderness area in southern Alaska, U.S., on the western shore of Cook Inlet, southwest of Anchorage. It was proclaimed a national monument in 1978, and the boundaries and name were altered in 1980 when it became a national park and preserve; the
- lake current
lake: Currents: The principal forces acting to initiate water movements in lakes are those due to hydraulic gradients, wind stress, and factors that cause horizontal or vertical density gradients. Lake water movement is usually classified as being turbulent.
- Lake Debo (lake, Mali)
Lac Débo, situated in central Mali on a section of the Niger River between Mopti, located 50 mi (80 km) to the south, and Timbuktu, 150 mi to the northeast. In this region the Niger is joined by many lakes, creeks, and backwaters; at high water, Lac Débo becomes part of a general
- Lake District (region and national park, England, United Kingdom)
Lake District, famous scenic region and national park in the administrative county of Cumbria, England. It occupies portions of the historic counties of Cumberland, Lancashire, and Westmorland. The national park covers an area of 866 square miles (2,243 square km). It contains the principal English
- Lake District (geographical region, Chile)
Chile: Relief: …region, La Frontera and the Lake District (38° to 42° S); and the extreme southern region, Sur (42° S to Cape Horn).
- Lake Dwellings (pile houses)
Lake Dwellings, German Pfahlbauten: “pile structures,” remains of prehistoric settlements within what are today the margins of lakes in southern Germany, Switzerland, France, and Italy. According to the theory advanced by the Swiss archaeologist Ferdinand Keller in the mid-19th century, the
- Lake Erie, Battle of (United States history)
Battle of Lake Erie, (Sept. 10, 1813), major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensuring U.S. control over Lake Erie and precluding any territorial cession in the Northwest to Great Britain in the peace settlement. On Sept. 10, 1813, Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry’s fleet of nine ships
- Lake Forest (Illinois, United States)
Lake Forest, city, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. A suburb of Chicago, located 35 miles (55 km) north of downtown, it lies on Lake Michigan. Potawatomi Indians were recent inhabitants of the area when it was first settled in 1835, on a bluff overlooking the lake. It was named in 1855 by
- Lake Garden (museum, Seremban, Malaysia)
Seremban: The Lake Gardens, a museum, and a teacher-training college are there. The museum was erected on the model of a Malay house (built without nails, like traditional Sumatran structures). In the foothills, about 25 miles (40 km) east, lies Seri Menanti, site of the palace of…
- Lake Geneva (Wisconsin, United States)
Lake Geneva, resort city, Walworth county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Geneva (Geneva Lake) at its outlet, the White River, about 45 miles (70 km) southwest of Milwaukee. It was settled in 1836 and was named for Geneva, New York. Gristmills and sawmills
- Lake Habbaniyah (lake, Iraq)
Hawr Al-Ḥabbāniyyah, lake in Al-Anbār muḥāfaẓah (governorate), western Iraq. It is a shallow body of slightly saline water, 54 sq mi (140 sq km) in area, separated from the Euphrates River to the north by the Asibi and Zaban ridges. The lake has been used since antiquity for storing floodwater from
- Lake Havasu City (Arizona, United States)
Lake Havasu City, city, Mohave county, western Arizona, U.S., in the Chemhuevi Valley along the Colorado River, west of the Mohave Mountains. A planned community, Lake Havasu City was founded in 1964 and promoted by the industrialist Robert P. McCulloch as the focal point of a recreational and
- lake herring (fish)
cisco, herringlike type of whitefish
- Lake Hollywood (play by Guare)
John Guare: Lake Hollywood (2000) chronicles the lives of dissatisfied people and the futility of their idolization of celebrities, and Chaucer in Rome (2002), a sequel to The House of Blue Leaves, satirizes art, religion, and fame. A Few Stout Individuals (2003) is a colourful account of…
- Lake House, The (film by Agresti [2006])
Sandra Bullock: Commercial success: …she reunited with Reeves in The Lake House, a romance about two people who fall in love by sending letters forward and backward in time.
- lake life cycle
lake: Shore erosion and coastal features: In a lake’s early stages of existence, its shore is most susceptible to changes from wave and current action. As these changes occur, there is a tendency over time to an equilibrium condition—a balance between form and processes that depends upon the nature of the materials present…
- Lake Louise (Alberta, Canada)
Lake Louise, unincorporated place, southwestern Alberta, Canada. It is located on the Bow River in Banff National Park, immediately northeast of the icy blue-green lake of the same name, which is renowned for its scenic beauty. Originally settled in 1884 as a Canadian Pacific Railway construction
- Lake Maracaibo, Battle of (Venezuelan history [1823])
In the Battle of Lake Maracaibo on July 24, 1823, José Prudencio Padilla led the 22-vessel fleet of Simón Bolívar’s Republic of Gran Colombia to victory over Ángel Laborde y Navarro’s superior Spanish squadron, which numbered 32 ships crewed by 1,650 highly trained mariners. Against unequal odds,
- Lake Mead National Recreation Area (recreation area, United States)
Boulder City: …Resources Service and for the Lake Mead National Recreational Area. Inc. 1960. Pop. (2000) 14,966; (2010) 15,023.
- Lake Mungo (dry lake, New South Wales, Australia)
Lake Mungo, dried-up lake and archaeological site in west-central New South Wales, Australia, located in and around Mungo National Park. Lake Mungo is one of 17 dried Pleistocene Epoch (about 2.6 million to 11,700 years go) lake beds in the Willandra Lakes region, which was designated a World
- Lake Nakuru National Park (national park, Kenya)
Africa: Conservation of Africa: …more than 8,000 square miles, Lake Nakuru National Park for flamingos, several montane parks, and a marine park. Uganda has several national parks. Tanzania has the famous Serengeti National Park, with its unrivaled populations of plains ungulates, and the parks of Ngorongoro, Lake Manyara, Arusha, and others. Other countries with…
- Lake Nyos disaster (disaster, Cameroon [1986])
Lake Nyos disaster, massive release of carbon dioxide from Lake Nyos in Cameroon on August 21, 1986. The disaster killed between 1,700 and 1,800 people. On August 21, 1986, a cloud of magmatic carbon dioxide gas arose from the bed of Lake Nyos, a freshwater lake located in a volcanic caldera in the
- Lake of Delhi and of Aston Clinton, Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount (British general)
Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake was a British general, most prominent for his role in suppressing the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and for his campaigns in India from 1801 to 1806 against Daulat Rāo Sindhia of Gwalior and Jaswant Rāo Holkar, leaders of the Marāthā confederacy. Lake served in the Seven
- Lake Okeechobee, Battle of (Second Seminole War [1837])
Battle of Lake Okeechobee, battle in Florida territory fought December 25–28, 1837, between U.S. forces under the command of Colonel Zachary Taylor and an encampment of Seminole Indians, a critical episode in the Second Seminole War (1835–42). In December 1835. Seminole warriors under the command