Midi-Pyrénées: Gers, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, and Ariège. In 2016 Midi-Pyrénées was joined with the région of Languedoc-Roussillon to form the new administrative entity of Occitanie.

tapestry: Techniques: …a vertical loom (high-warp, or haute-lisse in French) or a horizontal loom (low-warp, or basse-lisse). In early high-warp looms the warps were attached to a beam at the top, and groups of warp threads were weighted at the bottom. The weft was beaten up (i.e., pushed) toward the top as…

Auvergne: Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal, and Haute-Loire. In 2016 the Auvergne région was joined with the région of Rhône-Alpes to form the new administrative entity of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Champagne-Ardenne: …encompassed the northern départements of Haute-Marne, Aube, Marne, and Ardennes and was roughly coextensive with the historical province of Champagne.

Haute-Normandie, former région of France, incorporated since January 2016 into the région of Normandy. As an administrative entity, it comprised the northern départements of Eure and Seine-Maritime and encompassed the northeastern portion of historical Normandy. Haute-Normandie is mostly lowland

Franche-Comté: départements of Jura, Doubs, Haute-Saône, and the Territoire de Belfort. In 2016 the Franche-Comté région was joined with the neighbouring région of Burgundy to form the new administrative entity of Bourgogne–Franche-Comté.

Rhône-Alpes: Rhône, Ain, Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Isère, Drôme, and Ardèche. In 2016 the Rhône-Alpes région was joined with the région of Auvergne to form the new administrative entity of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Limousin: …the central départements of Corrèze, Haute-Vienne, and Creuse. In 2016 the Limousin région was joined with the régions of Poitou-Charentes and Aquitaine to form the new administrative entity of Nouvelle Aquitaine.

Burkina Faso, landlocked country in western Africa. The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. A former French colony, it gained independence as Upper Volta in 1960.

Burkina Faso, landlocked country in western Africa. The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. A former French colony, it gained independence as Upper Volta in 1960.

Jacques-Philippe Leclerc was a French general and war hero who achieved fame as the liberator of Paris. Born into a patrician family, he graduated from the prestigious military schools at Saint-Cyr (1924) and Saumur. In 1939, as a captain of infantry, he was wounded and captured by the Germans, but

Jacques-Philippe Leclerc was a French general and war hero who achieved fame as the liberator of Paris. Born into a patrician family, he graduated from the prestigious military schools at Saint-Cyr (1924) and Saumur. In 1939, as a captain of infantry, he was wounded and captured by the Germans, but

Jean de Hautefeuille was a French physicist who built a primitive internal-combustion engine. Born of poor parents, Hautefeuille was reared by the Duchess of Bouillon and eventually took holy orders and became an abbé. He spent all his time in mechanical pursuits. He published works on acoustics,

Hauterivian Stage, third of six main divisions (in ascending order) of the Lower Cretaceous Series, representing rocks deposited worldwide during the Hauterivian Age, which occurred 132.9 million to 129.4 million years ago during the Cretaceous Period. Rocks of the Hauterivian Stage overlie those

Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur: the southeastern départements of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, and Vaucluse. Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur is bounded by the régions of Occitanie to the west and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes to the north. Other boundaries include Italy to the east and the

Midi-Pyrénées: Tarn-et-Garonne, Gers, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, and Ariège. In 2016 Midi-Pyrénées was joined with the région of Languedoc-Roussillon to form the new administrative entity of Occitanie.

Emmanuel Roblès: …came with his fourth novel, Les Hauteurs de la ville (1948; “City Heights”), in which a young Arab worker commits a lonely act of revenge against the fascists responsible for the deportation and death of Algerians during World War II. Roblès achieved international success with Cela s’appelle l’aurore (1952; “It…

Drogo de Hauteville was a Norman count of Apulia (1046–51), half brother of the conqueror Robert Guiscard. He led the Norman conquest of southern Italy after the death of his older brother William Iron Arm, whom he succeeded as count of Apulia. Arriving in Italy about 1035 with William and his

Drogo de Hauteville was a Norman count of Apulia (1046–51), half brother of the conqueror Robert Guiscard. He led the Norman conquest of southern Italy after the death of his older brother William Iron Arm, whom he succeeded as count of Apulia. Arriving in Italy about 1035 with William and his

William de Hauteville was a Norman adventurer, the eldest of 12 Hauteville brothers, a soldier of fortune who led the first contingent of his family from Normandy to southern Italy. He undertook its conquest and quickly became count of Apulia. William and his brothers Drogo and Humphrey responded

House of Hauteville, line of Norman lords and knights who were founders of fiefdoms and kingdoms in southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th and 12th centuries. The wars fought by members of the Hauteville family contributed to a steady reduction of Muslim and Byzantine power in the region. In their

Humphrey De Hauteville was a soldier of fortune who led the Norman conquest of southern Italy after the deaths of his older brothers William and Drogo and succeeded them as count of Apulia (1051). Arriving in Italy c. 1035, Humphrey fought in Sicily and Apulia, in southern Italy, becoming count of

Humphrey De Hauteville was a soldier of fortune who led the Norman conquest of southern Italy after the deaths of his older brothers William and Drogo and succeeded them as count of Apulia (1051). Arriving in Italy c. 1035, Humphrey fought in Sicily and Apulia, in southern Italy, becoming count of

Robert was a Norman adventurer who settled in Apulia, in southern Italy, about 1047 and became duke of Apulia (1059). He eventually extended Norman rule over Naples, Calabria, and Sicily and laid the foundations of the kingdom of Sicily. Robert was born into a family of knights. Arriving in Apulia,

Tancred of Hauteville was the regent of Antioch and one of the leaders of the First Crusade. Tancred was a Norman lord of south Italy. He went on the Crusade with his uncle, Bohemond (the future Bohemond I of Antioch), and first distinguished himself in Cilicia, where he captured Tarsus from the

Tancred of Hauteville was the regent of Antioch and one of the leaders of the First Crusade. Tancred was a Norman lord of south Italy. He went on the Crusade with his uncle, Bohemond (the future Bohemond I of Antioch), and first distinguished himself in Cilicia, where he captured Tarsus from the

William de Hauteville was a Norman adventurer, the eldest of 12 Hauteville brothers, a soldier of fortune who led the first contingent of his family from Normandy to southern Italy. He undertook its conquest and quickly became count of Apulia. William and his brothers Drogo and Humphrey responded

Algeria: Relief: …and are separated by the High Plateau (Hauts Plateaux). The south, consisting of the Sahara, is a solid and ancient platform of basement rock, horizontal and uniform. This region is uninhabited desert with the exception of several oases, but it conceals rich mineral resources, most significantly petroleum and natural gas.

Hauts-de-France, région of northern France created in 2016 by the union of the former régions of Nord–Pas-de-Calais and Picardy. It encompasses the départements of Aisne, Nord, Oise, Pas-de-Calais, and Somme. It is bounded by the régions of Normandy to the west, Île-de-France to the south, and

Île-de-France: Seine-Saint-Denis, Ville-de-Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Essonne, and Yvelines. Île-de-France is bounded by the régions of Hauts-de-France to the north, Grand Est to the east, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté to the southeast, Centre to the south, and Normandy to the northwest. The capital is

René-Just Haüy was a French mineralogist and one of the founders of the science of crystallography. After studying theology, Haüy became an abbé and for 21 years served as professor at the Collège de Navarre. In 1802 he became professor of mineralogy at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, and

Valentin Haüy was a French professor of calligraphy known as the “father and apostle of the blind.” He was the brother of René-Just Haüy. After seeing a group of blind men being cruelly exhibited in ridiculous garb in a Paris sideshow, Haüy decided to try to make the life of the blind more

sodalite: Haüynite (haüyne) varies in colour from white or gray to green or blue. The blue variety, lazurite, is the primary constituent of lapis lazuli (q.v.); its depth of colour seems to increase with additional sulfide substitution.

sodalite: Haüynite (haüyne) varies in colour from white or gray to green or blue. The blue variety, lazurite, is the primary constituent of lapis lazuli (q.v.); its depth of colour seems to increase with additional sulfide substitution.

Turkmenistan: Oases: …the canal, however, and the Hauz-Khan Reservoir built, large areas were irrigated, thus making possible the cultivation of long-staple cotton and the construction of cotton-processing plants. The economic and cultural centre is the town of Tejen.

hepatitis: Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is the most common worldwide. It is considered an acute infection and does not give rise to chronic hepatitis. Its onset usually occurs 15 to 45 days after exposure to the virus, and some infected individuals, especially children, exhibit no clinical…

Abraham Zevi Idelsohn: Although the song “Hava nagila” (“Come, Let’s Rejoice”) traditionally has been attributed to Idelsohn as a setting of his own text to a tune that he adapted from a Hasidic (a pietistic Jewish movement) melody, more-recent scholarship has suggested that the words to the song actually were composed…

Hávamál, a heterogeneous collection of 164 stanzas of aphorisms, homely wisdom, counsels, and magic charms that are ascribed to the Norse god Odin. The work contains at least five separate fragments not originally discovered together and constitutes a portion of the Poetic Edda. Most of the poems

Havana, city, capital, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. It also constitutes one of Cuba’s 15 provinces: Ciudad de la Habana (City of Havana). The city is located on La Habana (Havana) Bay on the island’s north coast. It is the largest city in the Caribbean region and has one of

Sydney Pollack: Tootsie and Out of Africa: In 1990 Pollack made Havana, his final collaboration with Redford. The 1950s drama centres on a high-stakes gambler (Redford) who travels to Cuba and falls in love with the wife (Lena Olin) of a communist revolutionary (Raul Julia). However, the film was widely panned, especially for its wholesale borrowing…

World Trade Organization: Origins: …the ITO, known as the Havana Charter, which would have created extensive rules governing trade, investment, services, and business and employment practices. However, the United States failed to ratify the agreement. Meanwhile, an agreement to phase out the use of import quotas and to reduce tariffs on merchandise trade, negotiated…

Cuba: Sugarcane and the growth of slavery: In 1740 the Havana Company was formed to stimulate agricultural development by increasing slave imports and regulating agricultural exports. The company was unsuccessful, selling fewer slaves in 21 years than the British sold during a 10-month occupation of Havana in 1762. The reforms of Charles III of Spain…

Latin Americans in Major League Baseball Through the First Years of the 21st Century: The 1930s through World War II: …AAA International League as the Sugar Kings, a Cincinnati Reds farm team, and became a developer of Latin and not just Cuban talent. Future Cuban major leaguers such as Leonardo Cárdenas, Cookie Rojas, Raúl Sánchez, Miguel Cuéllar, and Orlando Peña played for the Sugar Kings, as did Puerto Rican standout…

Chuck Berry: …in Caribbean music on “Havana Moon” (1957) and “Man and the Donkey” (1963), among others. Influenced by a wide variety of artists—including guitar players Carl Hogan, Charlie Christian, and T-Bone Walker and vocalists Nat King Cole, Louis Jordan, and Charles Brown—Berry played a major role in broadening the appeal…

Havana syndrome, claimed medical condition reported among U.S. diplomats and other government employees stationed internationally. Havana syndrome was first publicized in 2016 following reports of an unidentified condition in officials at the U.S. embassy in Havana, Cuba. Reported symptoms of

Havana: City layout: …to be restored was the Cathedral of Havana, the church of Havana’s patron saint, San Cristóbal (St. Christopher); it was constructed in the 18th century by the Jesuit order. Located near the waterfront, its ornate facade is regarded by art historians as one of the world’s finest examples of Italian…

Havana: Education: The University of Havana, located in the Vedado section of Havana, was established in 1728 and was once regarded as a leading institution of higher learning in the Western Hemisphere. Soon after Castro came to power in 1959, the university lost its traditional autonomy and was…

William Styron: Havanas in Camelot (2008), a collection of personal essays on topics ranging from the author’s friendship with U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy to his morning walks with his dog, was published posthumously. Compilations of his correspondence were issued as Letters to My Father (2009) and…

Havant, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It adjoins Portsmouth in the southeastern corner of the county. The small medieval town of Havant, apart from its 12th-century church, was destroyed by fire in 1760. A township called

Havant: Havant, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It adjoins Portsmouth in the southeastern corner of the county.

saga: Sagas of Icelanders: …feuds between several interrelated families; Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings is about an old farmer who takes revenge on his son’s killer, the local chieftain; Víga-Glúms saga tells of a ruthless chieftain who commits several killings and swears an ambiguous oath in order to cover his guilt; while Vatnsdæla saga is the…

history of publishing: Foundations of modern journalism: The French businessman Charles Havas had begun this development in 1835 by turning a translation company into an agency offering the French press translated items from the chief European papers. His carrier-pigeon service between London, Paris, and Brussels followed, turning the company into an international concern that sold…

Indigenous peoples of the American Southwest: Language: The Upland Yuman, including the Havasupai, Hualapai, and Yavapai, lived on secondary and ephemeral streams in the western basins and ranges.

Havdala, a ceremony in Jewish homes and in synagogues concluding the Sabbath and religious festivals. The ceremony consists of benedictions that are recited over a cup of wine (and, on the night of the Sabbath, over spices and a braided candle) to praise God, who deigned to sanctify these days and

Havdala, a ceremony in Jewish homes and in synagogues concluding the Sabbath and religious festivals. The ceremony consists of benedictions that are recited over a cup of wine (and, on the night of the Sabbath, over spices and a braided candle) to praise God, who deigned to sanctify these days and

Mavis Staples: Solo career: …to the studio to record Have a Little Faith as a tribute to her father, whose influence—musical, parental, and spiritual—was everywhere evident on the album. Included on it was Staples’s rendition of “Will the Circle Be Unbroken,” a favorite of her father’s, as well as “Pops Recipe,” which incorporated in…

“I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president,” Lyndon B. Johnson told a shocked national television audience on the evening of March 31, 1968, thus becoming one of several U.S. presidents who decided not to run for a second elected term.

Richard Boone: …in the classic television western Have Gun—Will Travel. Garbed in black and armed with a Colt .45 revolver, Paladin sells his services to those who are unable to protect themselves. The show was a huge hit, and Boone also directed a number of episodes.

Creedence Clearwater Revival: …band in 1971 as “Have You Ever Seen the Rain?” scaled the charts. Cook and Clifford demanded greater prominence, resulting in Mardi Gras (1972), which was dominated by their songs. Its critical and commercial failure led to the band’s demise later that year. Unlike many 1960s acts, Creedence never…

Sandra Cisneros: Books: Have You Seen Marie? (2012) concerns the efforts of a middle-aged woman to help her friend find a lost cat while meditating on her mother’s death. The tale, which mirrors similar experiences in Cisneros’s own life, was illustrated with images by the artist Ester Hernandez.…

Meet Me in St. Louis: …the beautiful but sombre “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas.”

Havel River, tributary of the Elbe River in Germany. It rises on the Mecklenburg Plateau 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Neustrelitz and flows through the Mecklenburg lakes before heading south as far as Spandau (in Berlin), where it is joined by the Spree River. Curving southwest past Potsdam and

Václav Havel was a Czech playwright, poet, and political dissident who, after the fall of communism, was president of Czechoslovakia (1989–92) and of the Czech Republic (1993–2003). Havel was the son of a wealthy restaurateur whose property was confiscated by the communist government of

João Havelange was a Brazilian businessman and sports official who served as president (1974–98) of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the governing body of football (soccer). He transformed it into one of the largest and most-powerful sports organizations in the world

João Havelange was a Brazilian businessman and sports official who served as president (1974–98) of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the governing body of football (soccer). He transformed it into one of the largest and most-powerful sports organizations in the world

South Asian arts: Modern period: …Tagore and its theoretician was E.B. Havell, the principal of the Calcutta School of Art. Nostalgic in mood, the work was mainly sentimental though often of considerable charm. The Bengal school did a great deal to reshape contemporary taste and to make Indian artists aware of their own heritage. Amrita…

Robert Havell, Jr. was an American landscape painter and printmaker who engraved many of the plates for John James Audubon’s four-volume The Birds of America (435 hand-coloured plates, 1827–38). Growing up in Great Britain, Havell developed his skills as an aquatint artist under the guidance of his

Brandenburg: …Brennaburg) by the West Slavic Havelli tribe and was captured by the German king Henry I the Fowler in 928. A bishopric was first established there in 948. The city was retaken by the Slavs in 983, but it was inherited from the childless Havellian king Pribislav-Henry in 1134 by…

Havelock, town on the northwest border of Swaziland. Located in the Highveld, it is the site of one of the world’s largest asbestos mines. Operations began in the 1930s, and asbestos was Swaziland’s economic mainstay until the 1950s, when agricultural products began to play an equally important

writing: History of writing systems: As the British classicist Eric A. Havelock wrote,

Sir Henry Havelock was a British soldier serving in India who distinguished himself in support of the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Raised in a religious environment, Havelock obtained a commission in the British army at age 20, but he spent eight restless years in

The Lay of Havelok the Dane, Middle English metrical romance of some 3,000 lines, written c. 1300. Of the literature produced after the Norman Conquest, it offers the first view of ordinary life. Composed in a Lincolnshire dialect and containing many local traditions, it tells the story of the

Haverford College, private coeducational institution of higher learning in Haverford, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. Founded by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1833 as a men’s school, the Haverford School Association, it was the first institution of high education to be established by them.

Haverfordwest, market town, historic and present county of Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro), southwestern Wales. It is situated at the head of navigation on a deep inlet of the Irish Sea and is the administrative centre of Pembrokeshire county. The town grew up as a walled borough with a castle (c. 1120)

Haverhill, city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Merrimack River. Founded by the Reverend John Ward in 1640, it was named for Haverhill, England. Early agricultural efforts gave way to shipbuilding and leather industries during the early 19th century. By 1836 it had become a

streptobacillary rat-bite fever, acute infection caused by the microorganism Streptobacillus moniliformis, transmitted to humans by rat bite or by the ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated with waste products of infected rodents. In the latter case, the illness may be referred to by

Havering, outer borough of London, England, forming part of the northeastern perimeter of the metropolis. Havering belongs to the historic county of Essex. The present borough was created in 1965 from the former borough of Romford and the urban district of Hornchurch, and it includes such areas as

textual criticism: From Bentley to Lachmann: …century and were used by S. Haverkamp in his Lucretius (1725) in something like the modern style, they did not become normal until the second half of the 19th century.

periosteum: … to the vessels in the haversian canals, which run the length of the bone. Fibres from the inner layer also penetrate the underlying bone, serving with the blood vessels to bind the periosteum to the bone as Sharpey fibres.

osteon, the chief structural unit of compact (cortical) bone, consisting of concentric bone layers called lamellae, which surround a long hollow passageway, the Haversian canal (named for Clopton Havers, a 17th-century English physician). The Haversian canal contains small blood vessels responsible

Haviland Crater, small, shallow impact crater in farmland near Haviland, Kiowa county, Kansas, U.S. It was seemingly caused by an impact event involving a meteorite. The depression, some 50 feet (15 metres) in diameter, is oval in shape. The first meteorite fragment, now known to be of the

Limoges ware: under the name Haviland ware, which now is produced there as well.

Olivia de Havilland was an American motion-picture actress remembered for the lovely and gentle ingenues of her early career as well as for the later, more substantial roles she fought to secure. The daughter of a British patent attorney, de Havilland and her younger sister, Joan Fontaine, moved to

Olivia de Havilland was an American motion-picture actress remembered for the lovely and gentle ingenues of her early career as well as for the later, more substantial roles she fought to secure. The daughter of a British patent attorney, de Havilland and her younger sister, Joan Fontaine, moved to

Geoffrey de Havilland was an English aircraft designer, manufacturer, and pioneer in long-distance jet flying. He was one of the first to make jet-propelled aircraft, producing the Vampire and Venom jet fighters. In 1910 he successfully built and flew an airplane with a 50-horsepower engine. De

John Boorman: Early documentaries, first feature film, and Point Blank: Boorman’s first feature film, Catch Us If You Can (1965; also known as Having a Wild Weekend), followed the British rock group the Dave Clark Five through Bristol, using the cityscape as backdrop. Although inspired by the Beatles’ A Hard Day’s Night (1964), it highlighted the director’s innovative style.

Red Skelton: …a film starring Ginger Rogers, Having a Wonderful Time (1938). His other movie credits included Bathing Beauty (1944), The Fuller Brush Man (1948), and Excuse My Dust (1951).

H.E.R. is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actress who emerged as a leading R&B artist in the 2010s, known for her vocal range, intimate ballads, and enigmatic persona. She was born Gabriella Sarmiento Wilson and grew up in Vallejo, California, which is located in the San Francisco Bay

Havířov, town, northeastern Czech Republic. It lies along the Lučina River (a tributary of the Ostravice), just southeast of Ostrava. It is a planned new town in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian coalfield and is associated with the Ostrava industrial region. Chartered in 1955, it quickly grew

Great Expectations: Summary: …House is her adopted daughter, Estella, whom she is teaching to torment men with her beauty. Pip, at first cautious, later falls in love with Estella, who does not return his affection. He grows increasing ashamed of his humble background and hopes to become a gentleman, in part to win…

Miss Havisham, fictional character, a half-crazed, embittered jilted bride in Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations

Karel Havlíček Borovský was a Czech author and political journalist, a master prose stylist and epigrammatist who reacted against Romanticism and through his writings gave the Czech language a more modern character. A student at Prague, Havlíček first became a tutor in Russia, but in the 1840s he

John Havlicek was an American collegiate and professional basketball player who came to be regarded as the best “sixth man” (bench player) in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA) while a member of the Boston Celtics. He was the first player to compile 16 consecutive 1,000-point

Venus: Spacecraft exploration: …studied a mission concept called High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC), designed to lead to a program for the long-term exploration of Venus. The mission would use crewed airships to explore Venus’s atmosphere at an altitude of 50 km, where the pressure and temperature are like those of Earth.

attack aircraft: Douglas A-20 Havoc, which were armed with 20-mm cannon and .30- or .50-inch machine guns. Two other American attack aircraft of the 1940s and ’50s were the Douglas B-26 Invader and the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. All these types were piston-engined, propeller-driven aircraft.

Tom Kristensen: Hærværk (1930; Havoc), his best-known novel, is a brilliant examination of disillusionment and identity. As it probes the consciousness and conscience of its characters, it also gives an account of the interwar years of Kristensen’s generation. A chapter from his autobiography, En bogorms barndom (“A Bookworm’s Boyhood”),…

military aircraft: Assault and attack helicopters: Later the Soviets produced the Mi-28 Havoc, a refinement of the Hind that, with no passenger bay, was purely a gunship.

Alanis Morissette: …included Flavors of Entanglement (2008); Havoc and Bright Lights (2012), which featured lush textures and a spiritual focus; and the simmering, introspective Such Pretty Forks in the Road (2020).

Havre, city, seat (1911) of Hill county, north-central Montana, U.S. It lies along the Milk River, to the east of the Fresno Dam and Reservoir and to the north of the Chippewa (Ojibwa)-Cree Rocky Boy’s Reservation. The city was named for Le Havre, France, the birthplace of the original

Le Havre, seaport and city, Seine-Maritime département, Normandy région, northwestern France. It is on the English Channel coast and on the right bank of the Seine estuary, 134 miles (216 km) west-northwest of Paris and 53 miles (85 km) west of Rouen by road. Le Havre was only a fishing village