David Davidovich Burlyuk was a Russian poet, painter, critic, and publisher who became the centre of the Russian Futurist movement, even though his output in the fields of poetry and painting was smaller than that of his peers. Burlyuk excelled at discovering talent and was one of the first to

David Davidovich Burlyuk was a Russian poet, painter, critic, and publisher who became the centre of the Russian Futurist movement, even though his output in the fields of poetry and painting was smaller than that of his peers. Burlyuk excelled at discovering talent and was one of the first to

Myanmar, country, located in the western portion of mainland Southeast Asia. In 1989 the country’s official English name, which it had held since 1885, was changed from the Union of Burma to the Union of Myanmar; in the Burmese language the country has been known as Myanma (or, more precisely,

Burma Railway: …Japanese armed forces during the Burma Campaign. More than 12,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and tens of thousands of forced labourers perished during its construction.

Myanmar: World War II and after: …announced the formation of the Burma Independence Army (BIA). The Japanese advanced into Burma and by the end of 1942 had occupied the country. They subsequently disbanded the BIA and formed a smaller Burma Defense Army, with Aung San still as commander. Meanwhile, Thailand was given territory in the Shan…

Myanmar: World War II and after: …San and his army—renamed the Burma National Army (BNA)—joined the British side.

Burma Railway, railway built during World War II connecting Bangkok and Moulmein (now Mawlamyine), Burma (Myanmar). The rail line was built along the Khwae Noi (Kwai) River valley to support the Japanese armed forces during the Burma Campaign. More than 12,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and

Burma Road, highway linking Lashio, in eastern Burma (now Myanmar), with Kunming, in Yunnan province, China, a distance of 1,154 km (717 miles). The Chinese began construction of the road after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the occupation of the seacoast of China by the

Paul Theroux: Later works: Burma Sahib (2024) is a fictionalized account of Eric Blair—i.e., the young George Orwell—during his first years living in Burma (now Myanmar) and serving in the Indian Imperial Police.

Myanmar: Administrative framework: …and the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), which, under military leadership, was the only official political party from 1964 to 1988. Civil servants, members of the armed forces, workers, and peasants belonged to the BSPP, and senior military officials and civil servants were included in the party’s…

Burma Railway, railway built during World War II connecting Bangkok and Moulmein (now Mawlamyine), Burma (Myanmar). The rail line was built along the Khwae Noi (Kwai) River valley to support the Japanese armed forces during the Burma Campaign. More than 12,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) and

Shan: …are closer culturally to the Burman people.

Sachin Dev Burman was a legendary Indian music composer and singer who skillfully blended his expertise in Indian classical music with a deep understanding of Bengali and northeastern folk music. The music he composed for major films left a lasting influence on Hindi and Bengali cinema. Burman was

children’s literature: Contemporary times: …authentic work was produced by Ben Lucien Burman, with his wonderful “Catfish Bend” tales (1952–67). The American-style, wholesome, humorous family story was more than competently developed by Eleanor Estes, with her “Moffat” series (1941–43) and Ginger Pye (1951); Elizabeth Enright, with her Melendy family (1941–44); and Robert McCloskey, with Homer…

Sachin Dev Burman was a legendary Indian music composer and singer who skillfully blended his expertise in Indian classical music with a deep understanding of Bengali and northeastern folk music. The music he composed for major films left a lasting influence on Hindi and Bengali cinema. Burman was

Sachin Dev Burman was a legendary Indian music composer and singer who skillfully blended his expertise in Indian classical music with a deep understanding of Bengali and northeastern folk music. The music he composed for major films left a lasting influence on Hindi and Bengali cinema. Burman was

Dioscoreales: Burmanniaceae includes 95 species in nine genera and has traditionally been associated with the orchids because of their similar fruits, which contain numerous microscopic seeds. Its placement in Dioscoreales is based primarily on molecular evidence. These small inconspicuous plants lack chlorophyll and are easily overlooked…

porpoise: Burmeister’s porpoise (P. spinipinnis) has blunt tubercles on its dorsal fin and lives off the coasts of eastern and western South America. The spectacled porpoise (P. dioptrica) is named for the patchlike pigmentation pattern around its eyes and is distributed throughout the southern Indian, Atlantic,…

seriema: …black-legged, or Burmeister’s, seriema (Chunga burmeisteri), sometimes called gray seriema, which inhabits wooded areas, is darker and grayer, with a shorter crest and shorter legs.

Shan: …are closer culturally to the Burman people.

Burmese, breed of domestic cat, presumably of Asian origin. The Burmese is a compactly built cat with a small, rounded head and wide-set, round, yellow or golden eyes. The short, finely textured, and glossy coat darkens from a milk-chocolate colour in the kitten to a rich sable brown in the adult.

George Orwell: Early life: From colonial India to England and Burma: …imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days (1934) and in two brilliant autobiographical sketches, “A Hanging” (1931) and “Shooting an Elephant” (1936), classics of expository prose in which Orwell describes what he saw of “the dirty work of Empire at close quarters” and the dehumanizing effects of imperialism on colonizer…

badger: moschata), Burmese (M. personata), Everett’s (M. everetti), and Javan (M. orientalis). They live in grasslands and forests from northeast India to central China and Southeast Asia where they consume mostly insects, worms, small birds, rodents, and wild fruits. They are brownish to blackish gray, with white…

turtle: Habitats: The Indian and Burmese flapshell turtles (genus Lissemys) are ubiquitous in slow-moving streams and rice paddies. Their mud colouring and relatively small size (carapaces up to 28 cm [11 inches]) make them inconspicuous and more likely to be overlooked in cultures that view all turtles as harvestable for…

honeysuckle: Major species: …climbing species is the giant Burmese honeysuckle (L. hildebrandiana), with 15-cm (6-inch) deep green leaves, 17-cm (7-inch) yellow flowers, and green berries. The Japanese honeysuckle (L. japonica) of eastern Asia has become an invasive species in many areas by growing over other plants and shutting out light. It has fragrant…

Burmese language, the official language of Myanmar (Burma), spoken as a native language by the majority of Burmans and as a second language by most native speakers of other languages in the country. Burmese and the closely related Lolo dialects belong, together with the Kachinish and Kukish

Burmese literature, the body of writings in the Burmese language produced in Myanmar (Burma). The stone inscription is the oldest form of Burmese literature; the date of the earliest extant specimen is 1113. During the next 250 years, more than 500 dedicatory inscriptions similar in pattern but

Burmese python, (Python bivittatus), species of constrictor snake that is native to various environments in southern and Southeast Asia, including several islands in Indonesia, and is known for its exceptional size and its environmental adaptability. Burmese pythons inhabit mangrove forests,

purification rite: Other purification rites: In a Burmese folktale, an alchemist became discouraged with his experiments and threw his alchemic stone into a latrine pit; on contact with the excrement, the stone achieved purity—thus indicating that contacts with pollution may bring about purity.

Myanmar: Administrative framework: …and the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), which, under military leadership, was the only official political party from 1964 to 1988. Civil servants, members of the armed forces, workers, and peasants belonged to the BSPP, and senior military officials and civil servants were included in the party’s…

Indic writing systems: …that of the Khmer, the Burmese and Lao systems from that of Mon, and the Buginese and Batak systems of Indonesia from that of Kavi. The scripts used by speakers of the Tai dialects other than Shan and Lao are derived from the Burmese writing system. The ancient Cham inscriptions…

Tibeto-Burman languages: The Lolo-Burmese-Naxi group: …work has been done on Lolo-Burmese (also called Burmese-Lolo or Burmese-Yipho) than on any other branch of Tibeto-Burman. Burmese, attested since the 12th century ce, is one of the best-known Tibeto-Burman languages. The languages of the North Loloish subgroup (called Yi in China) are firmly within the Sinosphere, and many…

Tibeto-Burman languages: The Lolo-Burmese-Naxi group: …work has been done on Lolo-Burmese (also called Burmese-Lolo or Burmese-Yipho) than on any other branch of Tibeto-Burman. Burmese, attested since the 12th century ce, is one of the best-known Tibeto-Burman languages. The languages of the North Loloish subgroup (called Yi in China) are firmly within the Sinosphere, and many…

Sino-Tibetan languages: Burmic languages: The Burmic division comprises Burmish, Kachinish, and Kukish.

Sino-Tibetan languages: Classification: Himalayish, Kirantish, Burmish, Kachinish, and Kukish) should be considered as the classificatory peaks around which other Sino-Tibetan languages group themselves as members or more or less distant relatives. Certainly the stage has not yet been reached in which definite boundaries can be laid down and ancestral Proto-,…

burn, damage caused to the body by contact with flames, hot substances, certain chemicals, radiation (sunlight, X rays, or ionizing radiation from radioactive materials), or electricity. The chief effects of contact with flame, hot water, steam, caustic chemicals, or electricity are apparent

Coen brothers: They followed that with Burn After Reading (2008), a CIA comedy starring Clooney, McDormand, and Brad Pitt, and the dark comedy A Serious Man (2009), which centred on a Jewish family in the late 1960s and earned Academy Award nominations for best picture and best original screenplay.

Molotov cocktail, a crude bomb, typically consisting of a bottle filled with a flammable liquid and a wick that is ignited before throwing. It explodes into a fireball when it smashes against a hard surface. The Molotov cocktail is named for Vyacheslav Molotov, the foreign minister of the Soviet

Elton John: Superstardom and showmanship: …longer works such as “Burn Down the Mission” on Tumbleweed Connection (1971) and “Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding” on Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973). Other notable songs from this period include “Rocket Man” on Honky Château (1972) and “Don’t Let the Sun Go Down on Me” on

Adam Driver: …in a 2019 production of Burn This—in which he costarred with Keri Russell—resulted in a Tony Award nomination. In 2008 he founded Arts in the Armed Forces, an organization that brings free staged readings to active and retired service members.

Joshua Harold Burn was a British pharmacologist who was a professor of pharmacology at the University of Oxford (1937–59). He was the author of many standard works on the subject, and a pioneer in research into the measurement of vitamins and hormones in the body. Burn studied at the University of

Vasily Aksyonov: …later novels was Ozhog (1980; The Burn), an anarchic blend of memory, fantasy, and realistic narrative in which the author tries to sum up Russian intellectuals’ spiritual responses to their homeland. Another, Skazhi izyum (1985; Say Cheese!), is an irreverent portrait of Moscow’s intellectual community during the last years of…

Burna Boy is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and musician and one of the most successful African music artists. Ogulu helped popularize Afrobeats worldwide through his music releases and promotion, live performances, and collaborations with artists of diverse nationalities. Much of Ogulu’s music and

history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia: 1360) and Burnaburiash II (c. 1360–c. 1333) were in correspondence with the Egyptian rulers Amenhotep III and Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV). They were interested in trading their lapis lazuli and other items for gold as well as in planning political marriages. Kurigalzu II (c. 1332–c. 1308) fought against…

Burnaby, district municipality forming an eastern suburb of metropolitan Vancouver, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It lies between the Burrard Inlet and the North Arm of the Fraser River and borders on Port Moody (northeast) and New Westminster (southeast). The settlement developed with

Edward Burne-Jones was one of the leading painters and designers of late 19th-century England, whose romantic paintings using medieval imagery were among the last manifestations of the Pre-Raphaelite style. More long-lasting is his influence as a pioneer of the revival of the ideal of the

United States: The Midland: …especially within the early 19th-century “Burned-Over District,” around the Finger Lakes and Genesee areas of central and western New York. This locality, the seedbed for a number of important social innovations, was a major staging area for westward migration and possibly a major source for the people and notions that…

Jocelyn Bell Burnell is a British astronomer who discovered pulsars, the cosmic sources of peculiar radio pulses. She attended the University of Glasgow, where she received a bachelor’s degree (1965) in physics. She proceeded to the University of Cambridge, where she was awarded a doctorate (1969)

Edward I: Accession and character: …Mortimer, and his trusted clerk Robert Burnell to safeguard his interests during his absence. After Henry’s funeral, the English barons all swore fealty to Edward (November 20, 1272). His succession by hereditary right and the will of his magnates was proclaimed, and England welcomed the new reign peacefully, Burnell taking…

balloon flight: Elements of balloon flight: Hot-air balloon burners use vaporizing coils to preheat the fuel for efficient combustion. Most of these coils are made of stainless steel, but copper coils also work adequately. The burners are mounted, often on gimbals, on the suspension concentration ring between the basket and the mouth of…

jet engine: Turboramjets: …undergoes combustion in the ramjet burner when it mixes with the fresh air entering via the bypass stream from the fan.

Sir Alexander Burnes was a British explorer and diplomat who gained renown for his explorations in what are now Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran. For his accomplishments he was knighted in 1839. Burnes became interested in the geography of Afghanistan and central Asia while

burnet, (genus Sanguisorba), genus of about 35 species of perennial herbs in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the north temperate zone. Some species—notably the garden, or salad, burnet (Sanguisorba minor) and the great burnet (S. officinalis)—are eaten in salads or used as an ingredient in

John Wilmot, 2nd earl of Rochester: …stimulated by his friendship with Gilbert Burnet, later bishop of Salisbury. Burnet recorded their religious discussions in Some Passages of the Life and Death of John, Earl of Rochester (1680). In 1680 he became seriously ill and experienced a religious conversion, followed by a recantation of his past; he ordered…

Sir Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian physician, immunologist, and virologist who, with Sir Peter Medawar, was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, the concept on which tissue transplantation is founded. Burnet received his

Sir Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian physician, immunologist, and virologist who, with Sir Peter Medawar, was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, the concept on which tissue transplantation is founded. Burnet received his

Burnett River, river in southeastern Queensland, Australia, rising on the western slope of the Burnett Range, east of the Eastern Highlands. The river flows southwest to Eidsvold and turns east at Mundubbera and then northeast through Gayndah and Bundaberg to enter the Pacific Ocean at Burnett

Carol Burnett is an American comedian and actress who starred in a long-running eponymous television variety show in the 1960s and ’70s. As a young girl growing up during the Great Depression, Burnett spent many hours in movie theatres, developing a love for motion pictures and a desire to act. She

Carol Burnett is an American comedian and actress who starred in a long-running eponymous television variety show in the 1960s and ’70s. As a young girl growing up during the Great Depression, Burnett spent many hours in movie theatres, developing a love for motion pictures and a desire to act. She

Charles Burnett is an American filmmaker who gained critical acclaim for his realistic and intimate portrayals of African American families. Burnett’s films, most of which he wrote as well as directed, were revered by critics yet rarely enjoyed any commercial success. Two of his movies were added

Howlin’ Wolf was an American blues singer and composer noted for his brooding lyrics, his booming, raspy voice, and his earthy, aggressive stage presence. He was one of the principal exponents of the urban blues style of Chicago and a seminal influence on rock-and-roll musicians from the 1960s into

Frances Hodgson Burnett was an American playwright and author who wrote the popular novel Little Lord Fauntleroy. Frances Hodgson grew up in increasingly straitened circumstances after the death of her father in 1854. In 1865 the family immigrated to the United States and settled in New Market,

Mark Burnett is an English author and television producer and director, best known for introducing Survivor (2000– ) and several other successful reality television shows to the United States. Burnett, whose parents were both factory workers, grew up in Essex. He enlisted in the British army when

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo was a Scottish jurist and pioneer anthropologist who explored the origins of language and society and anticipated principles of Darwinian evolution. Monboddo’s main work, Of the Origin and Progress of Language (6 vol., 1773–92), contains a vast body of curious lore on

Víctor Galíndez: …the other by the American Jesse Burnett. His career record was 55 wins (34 by knockout), 9 losses, and 1 draw.

T Bone Burnett is an American producer and musician, one of popular music’s most prolific and successful producers, known for his work in a wide range of genres including rock, country, and folk. Burnett spent his childhood in Fort Worth, Texas, and it was there that he acquired the nickname “T

Leo Burnett was a pioneer American advertising executive who founded a worldwide agency that ranks among the giants of the industry. Burnett was a journalism major at the University of Michigan, who got his first job as a reporter on the Peoria (Ill.) Journal. He then wrote advertising copy for two

Mark Burnett is an English author and television producer and director, best known for introducing Survivor (2000– ) and several other successful reality television shows to the United States. Burnett, whose parents were both factory workers, grew up in Essex. He enlisted in the British army when

T Bone Burnett is an American producer and musician, one of popular music’s most prolific and successful producers, known for his work in a wide range of genres including rock, country, and folk. Burnett spent his childhood in Fort Worth, Texas, and it was there that he acquired the nickname “T

hard-boiled fiction: …and Eye Witness (1950), and W.R. Burnett, who wrote Little Caesar (1929; film 1931) and The Asphalt Jungle (1949; film 1950).

Rama III: …British demands presented by the Burney mission (1826) and conclude a treaty that established regular trade with the West but yielded none of Siam’s independence.

Charles Burney was an organist, composer, and the foremost music historian of his time in England. After attending Chester Free School (1739–42), Burney returned to Shrewsbury, assisted his half-brother, a church organist, and learned violin and French. In 1744 he began a musical apprenticeship

Frances Burney was an English novelist and letter writer, who was the author of Evelina, a landmark in the development of the novel of manners. Burney was the daughter of musician and historian Charles Burney. She educated herself by omnivorous reading at home. Her literary apprenticeship was much

Frances Burney was an English novelist and letter writer, who was the author of Evelina, a landmark in the development of the novel of manners. Burney was the daughter of musician and historian Charles Burney. She educated herself by omnivorous reading at home. Her literary apprenticeship was much

John Wellborn Root was an architect, one of the greatest practitioners in the Chicago school of commercial American architecture. His works are among the most distinguished early attempts at a mature aesthetic expression of the height and the function of the skyscraper. Sent to England for safety

Daniel Burnham was an American architect and urban planner whose impact on the American city was substantial. He was instrumental in the development of the skyscraper and was noted for his highly successful management of the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 and his ideas about urban planning.

Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham was an English newspaper proprietor who virtually created the London Daily Telegraph. He was educated at University College school. His father, Joseph Moses Levy, acquired the Daily Telegraph and Courier in 1855, a few months after it was founded by Colonel

City Beautiful movement: …for Chicago, published as the Plan of Chicago and also known as the Burnham Plan. The plan involved a 60-mile (95-kilometre) radius in which avenues would extend out from a civic centre. It included an extensive rail system, a bi-level boulevard for commercial and regular traffic (what is now Wacker…

astronomical map: Atlases for stargazing: Burnham’s Celestial Handbook (1978) contains comprehensive descriptions of thousands of astronomical objects. The Observer’s Handbook, published annually by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, lists valuable information for locating and observing a wide range of astronomical phenomena.

Daniel Burnham was an American architect and urban planner whose impact on the American city was substantial. He was instrumental in the development of the skyscraper and was noted for his highly successful management of the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 and his ideas about urban planning.

Daniel Burnham was an American architect and urban planner whose impact on the American city was substantial. He was instrumental in the development of the skyscraper and was noted for his highly successful management of the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 and his ideas about urban planning.

Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham was an English newspaper proprietor who virtually created the London Daily Telegraph. He was educated at University College school. His father, Joseph Moses Levy, acquired the Daily Telegraph and Courier in 1855, a few months after it was founded by Colonel

Forbes Burnham was the prime minister of Guyana (until 1966, British Guiana) from 1964 to 1980 and president from 1980 to 1985. Burnham received a law degree from the University of London in 1947, returned home in 1949, and formed the People’s Progressive Party the following year together with

Gang of Four: February 1, 2020), Hugo Burnham (b. March 25, 1956, London), and Dave Allen (b. December 23, 1955, Kendal, Cumbria–d. April 5, 2025).

elite theory: The conservative American philosopher James Burnham, a founding editor of the National Review, depicted Mosca, Pareto, and Michels as Machiavellians whose realistic analysis of elite actors and rejection of utopian egalitarianism represented the best hope of democracy—as defined in terms of the law-governed liberty that emerges from interelite checks…

Forbes Burnham was the prime minister of Guyana (until 1966, British Guiana) from 1964 to 1980 and president from 1980 to 1985. Burnham received a law degree from the University of London in 1947, returned home in 1949, and formed the People’s Progressive Party the following year together with

Burnham-on-Crouch, town (parish), Maldon district, administrative and historic county of Essex, eastern England. The town lies on the left bank of the River Crouch, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea. There are many oyster beds in the river’s estuary, which opens out just below

Burnie, city and port, northern Tasmania, Australia. Burnie is situated on Emu Bay, an inlet of Bass Strait, at the mouth of the Emu River. Established in the late 1820s by the Van Diemen’s Land Company as Emu Bay Settlement, the settlement was renamed to honour a company director, William Burnie,

Diane Johnson: Burning (1971) satirizes the southern California way of life. The Shadow Knows (1974) concerns a divorced mother whose secure life is shattered when she becomes convinced that she is marked for violence. In Lying Low (1978), Johnson chronicled four days in the lives of three…

burning at the stake, a method of execution practiced in Babylonia and ancient Israel and later adopted in Europe and North America. Spanish heretics suffered this penalty during the Inquisition, as did French disbelievers and heretics such as St. Joan of Arc, who was condemned and burned in 1431

Maurice Gee: Prowlers to Access Road: He scrutinized social ostracization in The Burning Boy (1990), which iterates the traumas endured by a burn victim; in The Champion (1994), which explores the travails of a Black American soldier stationed in New Zealand; and in Live Bodies (1998), which tells the story of an antifascist Austrian Jew who…

Paul Auster: Auster later published the biography Burning Boy: The Life and Work of Stephen Crane (2021).

Cesare Pavese: …Business of Living, New York, The Burning Brand: Diaries 1935–1950, both 1961).

gas plant, (Dictamnus albus), gland-covered herb of the rue family (Rutaceae). Gas plant is native to Eurasia and is grown as an ornamental in many places. The flowers (white or pink) and the leaves give off a strong aromatic vapour that can be ignited—hence the names gas plant and burning bush.

Nicolas Froment: The Burning Bush (1475–76), which illustrates his application of the Flemish style to the legends and landscape of Provence, is perhaps Froment’s most illustrious work. The painting was done for King René of Anjou and depicts the king and his wife with several saints.

burning bush, any of several plants so called for their striking fall foliage, brilliant flower display, or emission of a volatile flammable vapour. Many are cultivated as garden ornamentals. One of the most popular burning bushes planted for fall colour is Euonymus atropurpureus, also called

burning bush: The winged spindle tree, or winged euonymus (E. alatus), is often called burning bush. A shrub growing to a height of 2.5 metres (8 feet), it has several cultivated varieties, including a dwarf, compact branching form, which is much used in landscaping. See also Euonymus.

Bassia: One variety, known as firebush or burning bush, is a globe-shaped subshrub with narrow hairy leaves that turn purplish red in autumn; it is often grown as an ornamental summer hedge.

Moses: Moses in Midian: …attention was attracted by a flaming bush, but, oddly, it was not consumed. He had seen bushes brilliant with flamelike blossoms, but this phenomenon was different, and so he turned aside to investigate it. Before he could do so, he was warned to come no closer. Then he was ordered…

William Gibson: …Mnemonic (1981; film 1995) and Burning Chrome (1982), were published in Omni magazine. With the publication of his first novel, Neuromancer (1984), Gibson emerged as a leading exponent of cyberpunk, a new school of science-fiction writing. Cyberpunk combines a cynical, tough “punk” sensibility with futuristic cybernetic (i.e., having to do…