Ron Brown was an American politician, the first African American to be chairman (1989–93) of a major U.S. political party and the first to be appointed secretary of commerce (1993–96). Brown’s father managed the Hotel Theresa in Harlem, which was frequented by celebrities, politicians, and the

Ruth Brown was an American singer and actress, who earned the sobriquet “Miss Rhythm” while dominating the rhythm-and-blues charts throughout the 1950s. Her success helped establish Atlantic Records (“The House That Ruth Built”) as the era’s premier rhythm-and-blues label. The oldest of seven

Ruth Winifred Brown was an American librarian and activist, who was dismissed from her job at an Oklahoma library for her civil rights activities in 1950. Brown began her career as a librarian in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, in 1919. She became the president of the Oklahoma Library Association in 1931

United States: Negotiating health care reform: …of the victory of Republican Scott Brown in January 2010 in the special election in Massachusetts held to replace interim senator Paul Kirk (a Democrat), who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Sen. Ted Kennedy—who, ironically, had committed much of his career in government to health…

Sherrod Brown is an American Democratic politician who represented Ohio as a member of the U.S. Senate (2007–25). He announced in August 2025 that he would run in 2026 to unseat Sen. Jon Husted, who was appointed by Ohio Gov. Mike Dewine to replace Vice Pres. J.D. Vance. Brown grew up in Mansfield,

Sherrod Brown is an American Democratic politician who represented Ohio as a member of the U.S. Senate (2007–25). He announced in August 2025 that he would run in 2026 to unseat Sen. Jon Husted, who was appointed by Ohio Gov. Mike Dewine to replace Vice Pres. J.D. Vance. Brown grew up in Mansfield,

Sir Arthur Whitten Brown was a British aviator who, with Capt. John W. Alcock, made the first nonstop airplane crossing of the Atlantic. (Read Orville Wright’s 1929 biography of his brother, Wilbur.) Brown was trained as an engineer and became a pilot in the Royal Air Force during World War I. As

Sir John Brown was a British armour-plate manufacturer who developed rolled-steel plates for naval warships. Brown began as an apprentice to a cutlery firm. In 1848 he invented the conical steel spring buffer for railway cars. In 1856 he established the Atlas ironworks in Sheffield, which produced

Sterling Brown was an influential African-American teacher, literary critic, and poet whose poetry was rooted in folklore sources and black dialect. The son of a professor at Howard University, Washington, D.C., Brown was educated at Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. (A.B., 1922), and Harvard

Sterling Brown was an influential African-American teacher, literary critic, and poet whose poetry was rooted in folklore sources and black dialect. The son of a professor at Howard University, Washington, D.C., Brown was educated at Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. (A.B., 1922), and Harvard

Thomas Brown was a British metaphysician whose work marks a turning point in the history of the common-sense school of philosophy. Between 1792 and 1803 Brown studied philosophy, law, and medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he met the philosopher Dugald Stewart and the founders of the

Tom Brown was a British satirist best known for his reputedly extemporaneous translation of Martial’s 33rd epigram beginning “Non amo te, Sabidi . . . .” Brown entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1678, but the irregularity of his life there brought him before Dr. John Fell, dean of Christ Church, who

Tina Brown is an English American magazine editor and writer whose exacting sensibilities and prescient understanding of popular culture were credited with revitalizing the sales of such Condé Nast publications as Vanity Fair and The New Yorker. She applied her media acumen to the online realm as

Tom Brown was a British satirist best known for his reputedly extemporaneous translation of Martial’s 33rd epigram beginning “Non amo te, Sabidi . . . .” Brown entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1678, but the irregularity of his life there brought him before Dr. John Fell, dean of Christ Church, who

Tony Brown is an American activist, television producer, writer, educator, and filmmaker who hosted Tony Brown’s Journal (1968–2008; original name Black Journal until 1977), the longest-running Black news program in television history. Brown was the son of Royal Brown and Catherine Davis Brown.

Trisha Brown was an American dancer and choreographer whose avant-garde and postmodernist work explores and experiments in pure movement, with and without the accompaniments of music and traditional theatrical space. Brown studied modern dance at Mills College in Oakland, California (B.A., 1958).

basketball: U.S. professional basketball: …1946 under the guidance of Walter A. Brown, president of the Boston Garden. Brown contended that professional basketball would succeed only if there were sufficient financial support to nurse the league over the early lean years, if the game emphasized skill instead of brawling, and if all players were restricted…

Honolulu: …Island was entered by Captain William Brown in 1794. After 1820 Honolulu assumed first importance in the islands and flourished as a base for sandalwood traders and whalers. A Russian group arrived there in 1816, and the port was later occupied by the British (1843) and the French (1849) but…

Tony Brown is an American activist, television producer, writer, educator, and filmmaker who hosted Tony Brown’s Journal (1968–2008; original name Black Journal until 1977), the longest-running Black news program in television history. Brown was the son of Royal Brown and Catherine Davis Brown.

William Hill Brown was a novelist and dramatist whose anonymously published The Power of Sympathy, or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth (1789) is considered the first American novel. An epistolary novel about tragic, incestuous love, it followed the sentimental style developed by Samuel

William Wells Brown was an American writer who is considered to be the first African-American to publish a novel. He was also the first to have a play and a travel book published. Brown was born to a black slave mother and a white slaveholding father. He grew up near St. Louis, Mo., where he served

Willie Brown is an American politician who was the first African American speaker of the California State Assembly, the longest-serving speaker of that body (1980–95), and mayor of San Francisco (1996–2004). Brown was born into poverty in rural Texas and moved to San Francisco after graduating from

Robert Johnson: Remarkable talent and crossroads myth: …of the Mississippi Delta blues Willie Brown, Charley Patton, and Son House—all of whom influenced his playing and none of whom was particularly impressed by his talent. They were dazzled by his musical ability, however, when he returned to town after spending as much as a year away. That time…

Willie Brown is an American politician who was the first African American speaker of the California State Assembly, the longest-serving speaker of that body (1980–95), and mayor of San Francisco (1996–2004). Brown was born into poverty in rural Texas and moved to San Francisco after graduating from

cockroach: Family Ectobiidae: The brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa) resembles the German cockroach but is slightly smaller. The male has fully developed wings and is lighter in color than the female, whose wings are short and nonfunctional. Both sexes have two light-colored bands across the back. The adult lifespan is…

songlark: …lively song; the 30-cm (12-inch) brown, or black-breasted, songlark (C. cruralis) lives in open country, utters creaky chuckling notes, and has a flight song, as larks do.

woolly opossum: The brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) occurs from Colombia and Venezuela to Paraguay. The bare-tailed woolly opossum (Caluromys philander) occurs throughout northern and eastern South America. All have large, nearly naked ears, a long prehensile tail, and either a median stripe on the face or bold…

woolly opossum: The brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) occurs from Colombia and Venezuela to Paraguay. The bare-tailed woolly opossum (Caluromys philander) occurs throughout northern and eastern South America. All have large, nearly naked ears, a long prehensile tail, and either a median stripe on the face or bold…

community ecology: Ecotones: …parasitism of bird nests by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) is particularly frequent in ecotones between mature forests and earlier successional patches. Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds and are active mainly in early successional patches. Forest birds whose nests are deep within the interior of mature…

spider monkey: …endangered, and two of these—the brown-headed spider monkey (A. fusciceps), which is found from eastern Panama through northwestern Ecuador, and the variegated, or brown, spider monkey (A. hybridus), which inhabits northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela—are listed as critically endangered. Spider monkeys are widely hunted for food by local people. Consequently,…

cockroach: Family Cryptocercidae: The brown-hooded cockroach (C. punctulatus) digests wood with the aid of certain protozoans in its digestive tract. It develops very slowly, attaining maturity after six or seven years.

Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard was a French physiologist and neurologist. A pioneer endocrinologist and neurophysiologist, he was among the first to work out the physiology of the spinal cord. After graduating in medicine from the University of Paris in 1846, Brown-Séquard taught at Harvard

tachinid fly: …control the spongy moth and brown-tail moth attacks more than 200 species of caterpillars. The means of entering the host has become highly evolved among tachinids. Certain tachinid flies attach eggs to their victim’s exoskeleton. When they hatch, the larvae burrow through the exoskeleton. Others deposit living larvae either directly…

A Moving Habitat: …Central and South America (Bradypus variegatus) descends from the trees, where it lives among the branches. For this slow-moving mammal, the journey is a dangerous and laborious undertaking, but it is one of great importance to members of the community among and aboard the sloth. Once the sloth has…

kingfisher: …Sulawesi kingfisher (Ceyx fallax), the brown-winged kingfisher (Pelargopsis amauropterus), and some of the paradise kingfishers (Tanysiptera) of New Guinea.

Sam Brownback is an American Republican politician, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995–96) and of the U.S. Senate (1996–2011) before becoming governor of Kansas (2011–18). He later served as ambassador-at-large for international religious freedom (2018–21) in the

Sam Brownback is an American Republican politician, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1995–96) and of the U.S. Senate (1996–2011) before becoming governor of Kansas (2011–18). He later served as ambassador-at-large for international religious freedom (2018–21) in the

brownbul, any of certain bird species of the bulbul family. See

John Browne, Lord Browne of Madingley is a British businessman best known for his role as chief executive officer of British Petroleum (BP) from 1995 to 2007. During his tenure, he was recognized for his efforts to make petroleum production a more environmentally conscious industry. At the

Sir Thomas Browne: …his second and larger work, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or, Enquiries into Very many received Tenets, and commonly presumed truths (1646), often known as Browne’s Vulgar Errors. In it he tried to correct many popular beliefs and superstitions. In 1658 he published his third book, two treatises on antiquarian subjects, Hydriotaphia, Urne-Buriall,…

Artemus Ward was one of the most popular 19th-century American humorists, whose lecture techniques exercised much influence on such humorists as Mark Twain. Starting as a printer’s apprentice, Browne went to Boston to work as a compositor for The Carpet-Bag, a humour magazine. In 1860, after

E. Martin Browne was a British theatrical director and producer who was a major influence on poetic and religious drama and, for more than 25 years, the director chosen by T.S. Eliot for his plays. It was as director of the religious spectacle called The Rock that Browne proposed Eliot as author

John Browne, Lord Browne of Madingley is a British businessman best known for his role as chief executive officer of British Petroleum (BP) from 1995 to 2007. During his tenure, he was recognized for his efforts to make petroleum production a more environmentally conscious industry. At the

E. Martin Browne was a British theatrical director and producer who was a major influence on poetic and religious drama and, for more than 25 years, the director chosen by T.S. Eliot for his plays. It was as director of the religious spectacle called The Rock that Browne proposed Eliot as author

Felicia Dorothea Hemans was an English poet who owed the immense popularity of her poems to a talent for treating Romantic themes—nature, the picturesque, childhood innocence, travels abroad, liberty, the heroic—with an easy and engaging fluency. Poems (1808), written when she was between 8 and 13,

Antigua and Barbuda: History of Antigua and Barbuda: …the ALP regained power under Gaston Browne. Browne and the ALP then retained power in early elections held in March 2018.

Hablot Knight Browne was a British artist, preeminent as an interpreter and illustrator of Dickens’ characters. Browne was early apprenticed to the engraver William Finden, in whose studio his only artistic education was obtained. At the age of 19 he abandoned engraving in favour of other artistic

Jackson Browne is a German-born American singer, songwriter, pianist, and guitarist who helped define the singer-songwriter movement of the 1970s. Born in Germany to a musical family with deep roots in southern California, Browne grew up in Los Angeles and Orange county. His interest in music led

John Browne, Lord Browne of Madingley is a British businessman best known for his role as chief executive officer of British Petroleum (BP) from 1995 to 2007. During his tenure, he was recognized for his efforts to make petroleum production a more environmentally conscious industry. At the

Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf Browne was a field marshal, one of Austria’s ablest commanders during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) and the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), who nevertheless suffered defeat by Frederick II the Great of Prussia. A Habsburg subject of Irish ancestry, Browne

Western theatre: German theatre: Robert Browne’s company was the first, arriving in Frankfurt in 1592. In a country where local theatre was weighed down by excessive moralizing, these actors made an immediate impact through their robustness and vivid professionalism. Their repertoire consisted mainly of pirated versions of Elizabethan tragedies…

Robert Browne was a Puritan Congregationalist church leader, one of the original proponents of the Separatist, or Free Church, movement among Nonconformists that demanded separation from the Church of England and freedom from state control. His Separatist followers became known as Brownists.

Sir Thomas Browne was an English physician and author, best known for his book of reflections, Religio Medici. After studying at Winchester and Oxford, Browne probably was an assistant to a doctor near Oxford. After taking his M.D. at Leiden in 1633, he practiced at Shibden Hall near Halifax, in

Thom Browne is an American fashion designer known for his reconceptualization of the classic men’s suit. He became widely recognized for his womenswear after U.S. first lady Michelle Obama wore one of his designs to the 2013 presidential inauguration. Browne studied business at the University of

Rolf Boldrewood was a romantic novelist best known for his Robbery Under Arms (1888) and A Miner’s Right (1890), both exciting and realistic portrayals of pioneer life in Australia. Taken to Australia as a small child, Boldrewood was educated there and then operated a large farm in Victoria for

William Browne was an English poet, author of Britannia’s Pastorals (1613–16) and other pastoral and miscellaneous verse. Browne studied at the University of Oxford and entered the Inner Temple in 1611. Between 1616 and 1621 he lived in France. In 1623 he became tutor to Robert Dormer, the future

William George Browne was a British traveler in Central Africa and the Middle East and the first European to describe Darfur, a Muslim sultanate of Billād al-Sūdān, now part of Sudan. Browne was forcibly detained in Darfur (1793–96) and published his account of the event in Travels in Africa, Egypt

Operation Wetback: Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr., and vetted by Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Operation Wetback arose at least partly in response to a portion of the American public that had become angry at the widespread corruption among employers of sharecroppers and growers along the Mexican border and at…

W.C. Brownell was a critic who sought to expand the scope of American literary criticism as Matthew Arnold had for British. After graduating from Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1871, Brownell joined the New York World, becoming city editor in a year. After serving on The Nation from

W.C. Brownell was a critic who sought to expand the scope of American literary criticism as Matthew Arnold had for British. After graduating from Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1871, Brownell joined the New York World, becoming city editor in a year. After serving on The Nation from

Brownian motion, any of various physical phenomena in which some quantity is constantly undergoing small, random fluctuations. It was named for the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, the first to study such fluctuations (1827). If a number of particles subject to Brownian motion are present in a given

probability theory: Brownian motion process: …is the Brownian motion or Wiener process. It was first discussed by Louis Bachelier (1900), who was interested in modeling fluctuations in prices in financial markets, and by Albert Einstein (1905), who gave a mathematical model for the irregular motion of colloidal particles first observed by the Scottish botanist Robert…

Brownian motion, any of various physical phenomena in which some quantity is constantly undergoing small, random fluctuations. It was named for the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, the first to study such fluctuations (1827). If a number of particles subject to Brownian motion are present in a given

brownie, in English and Scottish folklore, a small, industrious fairy or hobgoblin believed to inhabit houses and barns. Rarely seen, he was often heard at night, cleaning and doing housework; he also sometimes mischievously disarranged rooms. He would ride for the midwife, and in Cornwall he

Eastman Kodak Company: Origins and early innovations (1880–1900): …1900, Eastman introduced the less-expensive Brownie, a simple box camera with a removable film container, so that the whole unit no longer needed to be sent back to the plant.

Girl Guides and Girl Scouts: …school grades: Daisy (grades K–1), Brownie (2–3), Junior (4–5), Cadette (6–8), Senior (9–10), and Ambassador (11–12). Adults are also permitted to join the Girl Scouts as mentors, volunteers, or troop leaders.

Browning automatic rifle (BAR), automatic rifle produced in the United States starting in 1918 and widely used in other countries as a light machine gun. The BAR is a gas-operated rifle invented by John M. Browning (1855–1926), an American gun designer. It has been chambered for various ammunition,

Michael Redgrave: …Dead of Night (1945) and The Browning Version (1951). One of Redgrave’s most highly acclaimed roles was as Orin Mannon in Eugene O’Neill’s Mourning Becomes Electra (1947). Other of his films include The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), Goodbye Mr. Chips (1969), and Nicholas and Alexandra (1971). Redgrave, who originally…

Tod Browning was an American director who specialized in films of the grotesque and macabre. A cult director because of his association with fabled silent star Lon Chaney and his proclivity for outré fantasy and horror pictures, Browning made a handful of sound pictures as well as almost 40 silent

communitarianism: Cultural relativism and the global community: …the American scholar of religion Don Browning, there are some substantive universal values, such as human rights and the integrity of the global climate, that can provide a foundation for particularistic, communal ones.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was an English poet whose reputation rests chiefly upon her love poems, Sonnets from the Portuguese and Aurora Leigh, the latter now considered an early feminist text. Her husband was Robert Browning. Elizabeth was the eldest child of Edward Barrett Moulton (later Edward

John Moses Browning was an American designer of small arms and automatic weapons, best known for his commercial contributions to the Colt, Remington, and Winchester firms and for his military contributions to the U.S. and Allied armed forces. Inventive as a child, Browning made his first gun at the

figure skating: Changes in judging, focus: Canadian Kurt Browning, the first person to complete a quadruple jump, landed a quad toe loop at the 1988 World Championships in Budapest. Elvis Stojko, also a Canadian, holds two records with respect to the quad; he was the first to land a quad in combination…

Daphne du Maurier was an English novelist and playwright, daughter of actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier, best known for her novel Rebecca (1938). Du Maurier’s first novel, The Loving Spirit (1931), was followed by many successful, usually romantic tales set on the wild coast of Cornwall, where

Robert Browning was a major English poet of the Victorian age, noted for his mastery of dramatic monologue and psychological portraiture. His most noted work was The Ring and the Book (1868–69), the story of a Roman murder trial in 12 books. The son of a clerk in the Bank of England in London,

Tod Browning was an American director who specialized in films of the grotesque and macabre. A cult director because of his association with fabled silent star Lon Chaney and his proclivity for outré fantasy and horror pictures, Browning made a handful of sound pictures as well as almost 40 silent

It Happened Here: …of some seven years by Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo, who were the movie’s directors, producers, and writers. Both were teenagers when they began working on the movie. Operating on a shoestring budget—the film reportedly cost approximately $20,000—Brownlow and Mollo used mostly amateur actors and were forced to forgo shooting…

William G. Brownlow was the editor of the last pro-Union newspaper in the antebellum South of the United States who served as governor of Tennessee during the early years of Reconstruction. As a young child, Brownlow migrated with his family from Virginia to eastern Tennessee. He was orphaned at

William G. Brownlow was the editor of the last pro-Union newspaper in the antebellum South of the United States who served as governor of Tennessee during the early years of Reconstruction. As a young child, Brownlow migrated with his family from Virginia to eastern Tennessee. He was orphaned at

Baltimore Orioles, American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. Playing in the American League (AL), the Orioles won World Series titles in 1966, 1970, and 1983. The franchise that would become the Orioles was founded in 1894 as a minor league team based in Milwaukee,

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

SA, in the German Nazi Party, a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. The SA was founded in Munich by Hitler in 1921 out of various roughneck elements that had attached themselves to the fledgling Nazi movement. It drew

Orestes Augustus Brownson was an American writer on theological, philosophical, scientific, and sociological subjects. Self-educated and originally a Presbyterian, Brownson subsequently became a Universalist minister (1826–31); a Unitarian minister (1832); pastor of his own religious organization,

Fred Armisen: Portlandia and other work: …joined Sleater-Kinney guitarist and singer Carrie Brownstein and producer Jonathan Krisel to create the IFC sketch comedy show Portlandia, which was filmed in Portland, Oregon, and satirizes the city’s politically liberal, hipster lifestyle. Armisen had met Brownstein in 2003, and over the years they had made several video shorts, some…

Brownsville, city, seat (1848) of Cameron county, extreme southern Texas, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande opposite Matamoros, Mexico, 22 miles (35 km) from the river’s mouth. With Harlingen and San Benito it forms an industrial, agribusiness, and port complex. On March 28, 1846, General Zachary

Ogden, city, seat (1852) of Weber county, northern Utah, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Weber and Ogden rivers, just west of the Wasatch Range and east of the Great Salt Lake. The community began as a settlement developed around Fort Buenaventura, a log stockade with an irrigated garden

Brownsville Affair, (1906), racial incident that grew out of tensions between whites in Brownsville, Texas, U.S., and Black infantrymen stationed at nearby Fort Brown. About midnight, August 13–14, 1906, rifle shots on a street in Brownsville killed one white man and wounded another. White

Brownsville Affair: Weaver’s The Brownsville Raid, which argued that the discharged soldiers had been innocent, the army conducted a new investigation and, in 1972, reversed the order of 1906.

Gladys Porter Zoo, zoological park in Brownsville, Texas, U.S., which has one of the world’s finest reptile collections. Opened in 1971, the 31-acre (12.5-hectare) park is owned by the city and operated by a local zoological society. It was named for one of the daughters of Earl C. Sams, a longtime

Phenix City, city, Lee and Russell counties, seat (1935) of Russell county, eastern Alabama, U.S., about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Opelika. The city is a port on the Chattahoochee River, opposite Columbus, Georgia. Incorporated in 1883 as Brownville, it was renamed in 1889 for the old Phoenix

browridge, bony ridge over the eye sockets (orbits). Browridges are massive in gorillas and chimpanzees and are also well developed in extinct hominids. They are more prominent in males than in females. Browridges may have served as buttresses against the stress exerted by jaw muscles or as

browser, software that allows a computer user to find and view information on the Internet. Web browsers interpret the HTML tags in downloaded documents and format the displayed data according to a set of standard style rules. When British scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, he

Broxbourne, borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England. The borough is in the southern part of the county, and Cheshunt, its administrative centre, is in the south of the borough. Broxbourne comprises the valley of the River Lea (a tributary of the Thames),

Broxtowe, borough (district), administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, England. The borough lies to the west of the city of Nottingham and is bounded on the west by the River Erewash and on the south by the River Trent. Broxtowe comprises four principal towns, each of which has a

Josip Broz Tito was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was secretary-general (later president) of the Communist Party (League of Communists) of Yugoslavia (1939–80), supreme commander of the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45) and the Yugoslav People’s Army (1945–80), and marshal (1943–80),

Belgium: Media and publishing: …and Television Network (VRT; formerly Belgian Radio and Television [BRTN]), in Flemish, were created as public services. Both are autonomous and are managed by an administrative council. Radio Vlaanderen International (RVI) serves as an important voice of the Flemish community in Belgium.

Vietnam: Languages: …and Indonesian peoples; others—including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre, Rengao, Sedang, Bahnar, Mnong, Mang (Maa), Muong, and Stieng—speak Mon-Khmer languages, connecting them with

Hedin Brú was a Faroese writer who helped to establish Faroese as a literary language. At the age of 14 Brú worked as a fisherman. He spent much of the 1920s studying agriculture in Denmark, and from 1928 he was an agricultural adviser to the Faroese government. His first two novels, Longbrá (1930;

Libéral Bruant was the builder of the Hôtel des Invalides in Paris, a French architect noted for the gravity, dignity, and simplicity of his designs. Bruant was the most-notable of a family that produced a series of architects active in France from the 16th to the 18th century. He was the son of

sun bear, (Helarctos malayanus), the smallest bear in the world, found in Southeast Asian forests. It weighs only 27–65 kg (59–143 pounds) and grows 1–1.2 metres (3.3–4 feet) long with a 5-cm (2-inch) tail. Its large forepaws bear long curved claws, which it uses for tearing or digging in its