xerophthalmia

Xerophthalmia is a dry, thickened, and lusterless condition of the eyeball that results from a severe deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is crucial for vision, maintaining epithelial tissues, and immune function.12

In its early stages, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness. If left untreated, especially in malnourished children, xerophthalmia can develop, leading to light sensitivity, reduced tear production, and potential corneal ulceration and blindness. Fortunately, xerophthalmia can be treated with vitamin A supplementation, often alongside a protein-rich diet. This condition is more common in regions where dairy products are not readily available.2