wadden

A tidal flat is a level, muddy area adjacent to an estuary that is alternately covered and uncovered by the changing tides. These environments are characterized by varying salinity and temperature due to the mixing of fresh river water and saltwater. Tidal flats are rich in nutrients and support a diverse population of small animals. Vegetation is typically sparse.

The Wadden Sea, located in the North Sea between the West Frisian Islands and the Netherlands mainland, is a significant example of a tidal flat region. This saltwater tidal delta consists of sand flats exposed at low tide, crisscrossed by deep channels. It is a vital refuge for waterfowl and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2009, encompassing areas in the Netherlands and Germany.12