volcanic gas

Volcanic gases are emissions from volcanoes that can pose significant hazards. The most common volcanic gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. These gases can be released through explosive eruptions or from fumaroles, which are volcanic gas vents.1

These gas clouds can be toxic and suffocating, leading to suffocation and death for animals and humans. A notable example is the 1986 Lake Nyos disaster in Cameroon, where a sudden release of carbon dioxide killed over 1,700 people. The specific gases emitted depend on the magma's temperature, pressure, and composition.1

While volcanic gases can be dangerous, volcanic processes also contribute to the Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere over geologic time. Explosive eruptions can inject aerosols into the stratosphere, potentially affecting global climate by cooling the planet for several years.234