viral antigen detection
Quick Summary
Viral antigen detection is a crucial aspect of diagnostics, often employing techniques like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or lateral flow tests. These methods utilize the specific binding of antibodies to antigens to identify the presence of a virus.
In an ELISA, antibodies are immobilized on a surface. When a sample containing the antigen is added, it binds to these antibodies. A subsequent enzyme-linked antibody then reacts with a substrate to produce a detectable signal, often a color change, allowing for quantification.
Lateral flow tests, commonly used for rapid diagnostics like COVID-19 antigen tests, involve a sample moving across a membrane. If the target antigen is present, it binds to antibody-coated nanoparticles, creating a visible line on the test strip. These tests are valuable for quick screening in various settings.123
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