vector

A viral vector is a tool used in molecular biology to deliver genetic material into cells. Viruses are efficient at entering target cells and can be modified to carry specific genetic material of interest, making them safe delivery tools.1

Commonly used viral vectors include adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and retroviruses. These vectors can integrate into host cell DNA or temporarily express the genes they carry. Viral vectors are primarily used in research, vaccine development, and gene therapy, where they can be used to transfer therapeutic genes into cells.1

In DNA cloning, vectors are small molecules, often plasmids or viruses, that carry a DNA fragment (like a gene) and replicate it inside a living cell, such as a bacterium. This process creates identical copies of the DNA fragment, forming a DNA clone.2