vanadium pentoxide

Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) is a yellowish-red crystalline compound. It is primarily used in glass manufacturing and as a catalyst in various industrial processes, such as the production of sulfuric acid and the synthesis of organic compounds like phthalic and maleic anhydrides.12

Vanadium itself is a chemical element, a silvery-white metal. It was discovered in 1801 and later named after the Scandinavian goddess Vanadis due to the colorful nature of its compounds. Vanadium is often alloyed with steel to create high-speed tool steel and high-strength, wear-resistant iron and steel. Most vanadium produced is used in steelmaking, where it enhances ductility and shock resistance. Vanadium pentoxide is a key intermediate in extracting and refining vanadium metal from its ores.23