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In biology, ultratrace elements are chemical elements required by living organisms in extremely small amounts, typically less than 0.1 percent by volume. These elements are often integral parts of vital enzymes.1

While the exact needs vary by species, common plant trace elements include copper, boron, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum. Animals also require manganese, iodine, and cobalt. Deficiencies in these elements can lead to specific diseases in plants and animals.1

The term "ultratrace elements" is sometimes used for minerals found in extremely small quantities (micrograms daily) that are present in human tissues. Examples include arsenic, boron, nickel, silicon, and vanadium. However, their precise functions and importance for human health are not yet fully understood.2

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