type specimen

biology

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Last updated

July 14, 2026

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In biology, a type specimen is a specific example or individual that is officially designated to represent a species or a lesser taxonomic group. It serves as the definitive reference for the characteristics of that group.1

When scientists describe a new species, they must designate a single type specimen, known as a holotype. This specimen is crucial for verifying the identity of other specimens and ensuring the correct use of names according to international standards. If a holotype is unavailable, a neotype is selected later to fulfill the same role. These specimens are typically housed in public institutions for accessibility to researchers.2

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taxonomy
Verification and validation by type specimens
The determination of the exact organism designated by a particular name usually requires more than the mere reading of the description or the definition of the taxon to which the name applies. New forms, which may have become known since the description was…
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The determination of the exact organism designated by a particular name usually requires more than the mere reading of the description or the definition of the taxon to which the name applies. New forms, which may have become known since the description was…
Read More