tubercle

A tubercle is a small, abnormal lump or nodule that can form in organs or the skin, most specifically referring to the lesion characteristic of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium typically spreads through the air and primarily affects the lungs, where it forms these nodules, known as tubercles. These tubercles can break down lung tissue, leading to cavities and potentially eroding blood vessels, causing coughing up blood.123

While TB was a leading cause of death historically, antibiotic treatments have significantly improved outcomes. However, drug-resistant strains and co-infection with HIV present ongoing challenges. Symptoms of pulmonary TB include persistent cough, chest pain, fever, fatigue, and weight loss.23