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Toxicology is the study of poisons and their effects on living systems. A poison is any substance that can cause illness or death in small quantities. The impact of a poison depends on its toxicity, how it works in the body, and how the body eliminates it.12

Toxic accumulation occurs when a substance is not fully eliminated from the body, leading to buildup over time. This is particularly relevant with repeated exposures, where a chemical might reach toxic levels even if single doses are not harmful. Factors like the route of entry, the chemical form of a substance, and the host's condition (age, health) also influence its toxicity. Neurotoxins, for example, specifically affect the nervous system and can cause immediate or long-lasting damage.324

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