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Tesserae are the most geologically complex regions on Venus, characterized by extremely rugged and highly deformed terrain. These areas, often appearing bright in radar images, display multiple intersecting sets of parallel ridges and troughs, suggesting significant tectonic activity and multiple episodes of mountain building and faulting. Tesserae are typically elevated and can be found within larger highland regions like Ishtar Terra. The exact processes forming tesserae are not fully understood, but they are a prominent example of Venus's dynamic geological features.1

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