syringomyelocele

A syringomyelocele is a congenital defect of the central nervous system, specifically a type of neural tube defect. It occurs when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly during early embryonic development.

In a syringomyelocele, there is an open defect in the vertebral column, exposing the spinal cord. This defect contains nerve tissue and also opens into the spinal cord's central canal. This condition is a more serious form of spina bifida, where the spinal cord protrudes and is not covered by skin or meninges. Children with syringomyelocele often experience paralysis and impaired bladder and bowel function below the affected area. Diagnosis can be made through imaging techniques like MRI, and surgical intervention may be necessary.12