synthesis stage
Quick Summary
The S phase, or synthesis phase, is a crucial period within the cell cycle where a cell replicates its DNA. This process is fundamental to cell division, ensuring that each new daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.12
The cell cycle consists of four main stages: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2), and M (mitosis). The S phase specifically involves the duplication of the cell's DNA, a complex process catalyzed by enzymes like DNA polymerase. This replication occurs on a template of existing DNA, maintaining genetic integrity. Following the S phase, the cell enters the G2 phase, preparing for mitosis, the actual division of the cell. Checkpoints exist within the cell cycle to ensure DNA is undamaged before and after the S phase, preventing errors that could lead to mutations or cancer.23
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