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summer monsoon
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Two world maps compare the Indian monsoon's climatic heat sources and sinks. The top map, labeled Summer Monsoon, highlights the monsoon trough over South Asia as a major heat source and the Mascarene High over the southwest Indian Ocean as a heat sink, with arrows indicating surface air flow from the ocean toward the continent. The bottom map, labeled Winter Monsoon, shows the Siberian High over northern Asia as a heat sink and the Maritime Continent region as a heat source, with air flow arrow
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summer monsoon

meteorology
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Two world maps compare the Indian monsoon's climatic heat sources and sinks. The top map, labeled Summer Monsoon, highlights the monsoon trough over South Asia as a major heat source and the Mascarene High over the southwest Indian Ocean as a heat sink, with arrows indicating surface air flow from the ocean toward the continent. The bottom map, labeled Winter Monsoon, shows the Siberian High over northern Asia as a heat sink and the Maritime Continent region as a heat source, with air flow arrow
Map of climatic heat sources and heat sinks for Asian summer and winter monsoons.

A monsoon is a wind system that reverses direction seasonally, typically blowing for six months from the northeast and six months from the southwest. The primary cause is the difference in warming trends between land and sea. In summer, land heats up more than the ocean, creating low pressure over land and causing winds to blow from the cooler sea to the warmer land, often bringing significant rainfall. In winter, the opposite occurs, with winds blowing from the cooler land to the warmer sea, leading to drier conditions. These patterns are most prominent in regions like South Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central America. Summer monsoons tend to converge, rise, and produce rain, while winter monsoons diverge, subside, and cause drought.12

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3 Britannica Sources
  1. monsoon
  2. climate - Diurnal variability
  3. climate - Intra-annual variability

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