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subduction
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A four-panel diagram illustrates the process of trench rollback and back-arc basin formation at an oceanic subduction zone. Each panel shows a cross-section of Earth's crust and upper mantle, with a subducting oceanic plate, overlying plate, trench, volcanic arc, and melted rock in the asthenosphere. The sequence demonstrates how the trench and volcanic arc migrate, rifting forms behind the arc, and a back-arc basin develops as plates move and new crust forms.
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back-arc basin
The trench “roll back” process of back-arc basin formation.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.