subchondral bone

The subchondral bone is the layer of bone just below the cartilage in a joint. It plays a crucial role in supporting the articular cartilage, which covers the ends of bones in freely moving joints. Unlike other bone tissues, cartilage lacks blood vessels and nerves, relying on diffusion for nourishment. The subchondral bone, however, is well-vascularized and contributes to the health of the overlying cartilage by supplying nutrients and removing waste products. This bone layer is also important for transferring loads from the joint surfaces to the main shaft of the bone. The structure of subchondral bone, with its trabeculae, provides rigidity and support while minimizing material usage.123