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strong force
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Figure 9: Proton force. The interaction energy of two protons is shown as a function of the distance between them. At small separations, the energy is positive and the force is repulsive. At intermediate distances, the nuclear interaction is negative and the force is attractive. At distances larger than shown on the graph, the nuclear force becomes negligible and the repulsive electric force between the two charges is all that is left. The interaction depicted is for protons with antiparallel spins.
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Italian-born physicist Dr. Enrico Fermi draws a diagram at a blackboard with mathematical equations. circa 1950.
Physics and Natural Law

strong force: References & Edit History

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Type Description Contributor Date
Invalidated site: Florida State University - Department of Physics - The Strong Force. Oct 06, 2026
Add new Web site: IOPscience - Physics Education - The force is strong. Jun 22, 2026
Add new Web site: OpenStax - Physics - Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity. Aug 02, 2025
Add new Web site: Weber State University - Department of Physics and Astronomy - Introduction to Nuclear Forces (PDF). Jan 22, 2025
Add new Web site: International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research - Properties of Strong Force. Nov 29, 2024
Add new Web site: Pennsylvania State University - CiteSeerX - The Strong Force - Two Expressions. Oct 18, 2024
Add new Web site: IOPscience - Physics Education - The force is strong (PDF). Sep 06, 2024
Add new Web site: Florida State University - Department of Physics - The Strong Force. Jan 20, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - A Unified Theory of Interaction: Gravitation, Electrodynamics and the Strong Force. Nov 23, 2023
Add new Web site: Space.com - What Makes the Strong Force So Special? Sep 14, 2023
Add new Web site: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab - The Strong Nuclear Force. Aug 01, 2023
Add new Web site: Energy Education - Strong Nuclear Force. Jan 08, 2020
Add new Web site: Live Science - What Is the Strong Force? Feb 02, 2017
Added new Web site: Window To The Universe - The Nuclear Force. May 11, 2009
Added new Web site: Hyperphysics - Feynman Diagrams and the Strong Force. Jan 16, 2009
Article revised and updated. Jul 13, 2006
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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