stress component

…elastic constants relating the 6 stress components to the 6 strains, at most 21 could be independent. The Scottish physicist Lord Kelvin put this consideration on sounder ground in 1855 as part of his development of macroscopic thermodynamics, showing that a strain energy function must exist for reversible isothermal or…

…1, 2, 3) are called stress components; these will vary with position and time—i.e., σ_ij = σ_ij(x, t)—and have the following interpretation. Consider an element of surface dS through a point x with dS oriented so that its outer normal (pointing away from the region V, bounded by S) points…