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Stenosis is a congenital disorder characterized by the narrowing of a normal bodily passage or cavity. This condition, along with atresia (the absence of a normal passage), often requires surgical correction shortly after birth. Stenosis can affect various parts of the body, including the anus, esophagus, bile ducts, intestines, and heart valves.1

For instance, pyloric stenosis affects the opening between the stomach and the duodenum and is a common cause of illness in newborns. In the heart, pulmonary stenosis involves the narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the infundibulum, which can lead to breathing difficulties or heart failure in severe cases. Similarly, aortic valve stenosis can cause significant circulatory problems and may necessitate surgical intervention.1234

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