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Stellar classification
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A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram plotting stars by absolute magnitude and spectral type, showing regions for main sequence stars, white dwarfs, giants, and supergiants, with color gradients from blue (hot and bright) to red (cool and dim). The Sun is marked along the main sequence.
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1 July 2002: The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite reveals a massive solar eruption more than 30 times the Earth's diameter. The eruption formed when a loop of a magnetic field over the surface of the Sun trapped hot gas.
Brightest Star in the Solar System
Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer. In 1543 he published, forward proof of a Heliocentric (sun centered) universe. Coloured stipple engraving published London 1802. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi.
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Stellar classification: References & Edit History

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Physics LibreTexts - Stellar Classification. Nov 01, 2026
Article revised and updated. Sep 04, 2026
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Machine learning based stellar classification with highly sparse photometry data. Jun 07, 2025
Add new Web site: Indian Academy Sciences - Stellar Spectral Classification with Locality Preserving Projections and Support Vector Machine. Nov 29, 2024
Add new Web site: IOPscience - Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics - Ensemble Learning for Stellar Classification and Radius Estimation from Multimodal Data. Oct 18, 2024
Add new Web site: The Schools' Observatory - Stellar Classification. Aug 23, 2024
Add new Web site: ESO Sciences - Astronomy & Astrophysics - Infrared spectral classification of normal stars. May 17, 2024
Add new Web site: University College London - Department of Physics and Astronomy - Astrophysics Group - The Classification of Stellar Spectra. Jan 11, 2024
Add new Web site: Space.com - Stars: Facts about stellar formation, history and classification. Aug 22, 2023
Add new Web site: Physics LibreTexts - Stellar Classification. Nov 07, 2022
Updated for discovery of Y dwarfs. Sep 01, 2011
Added Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Nov 15, 2010
Article revised and updated. Sep 16, 2008
Article revised. Feb 08, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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