space

In mathematics, "space" can refer to several concepts. A topological space is a generalization of Euclidean spaces where closeness is defined by sets rather than distance. Euclidean space is a space where Euclidean geometry axioms apply, commonly modeled in two or three dimensions using coordinates. Cartesian coordinates, named after René Descartes, use perpendicular axes to define points in space. In a broader sense, "space" can also refer to a boundless three-dimensional extent where objects and events occur. Mathematical Platonism posits the existence of abstract, nonspatiotemporal objects, such as numbers and sets, which mathematics studies.12345