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Crewed spaceflights, 1990–99

in space exploration in

Chronology of crewed spaceflights

Written by
John M. Logsdon
John M. Logsdon is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. He was a member of the NASA Advisory Council...
John M. Logsdon
Fact-checked by
Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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Last updated
‱History

Crewed spaceflights during the 1990s are listed chronologically in the table.

Chronology of crewed spaceflights, 1990s
mission country crew dates notes
STS-32 crew
 STS-32 (Columbia) U.S. Daniel Brandenstein Jan. 9–20, 1990 brought back Long Duration Exposure Facility launched in 1984
James Wetherbee
Bonnie Dunbar
Marsha Ivins
David Low
Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyov.
 Soyuz TM-9/Mir U.S.S.R. Anatoly Solovyov Feb. 11–Aug. 9, 1990 addition of Kristall module to Mir
Aleksandr Balandin
STS-36; Creighton, John O.
STS-36 (Atlantis) U.S. John Creighton Feb. 28–March 4, 1990 launched classified satellite for U.S. Department of Defense that broke up and reentered atmosphere
John Casper
Mike Mullane
David Hilmers
Pierre Thuot
The Hubble Space Telescope being deployed for the first time from the space shuttle Discovery during the STS-31 mission, April 25, 1990.
STS-31 (Discovery) U.S. Loren Shriver April 24–29, 1990 deployed Hubble Space Telescope
Charles Bolden
Steven Hawley
Kathryn Sullivan
Bruce McCandless
Soyuz TM-10/Mir U.S.S.R. Gennady Manakov Aug. 1–Dec. 10, 1990 crew performed space walk to fix damaged hatch on Kvant 2
Gennady Strekalov
STS-41
STS-41 (Discovery) U.S. Richard Richards Oct. 6–10, 1990 launched Ulysses
Robert Cabana
Bruce Melnick
William Shepherd
Thomas Akers
STS-38; Culbertson, Frank L.
STS-38 (Atlantis) U.S. Richard Covey Nov. 15–20, 1990 launched classified satellite for U.S. Department of Defense
Frank Culbertson
Carl Meade
Robert Springer
Charles Gemar
STS-35 crew
STS-35 (Columbia) U.S. Vance Brand Dec. 2–10, 1990 carried Astro-1 instrument containing four separate telescopes
Guy Gardner
Jeffrey Hoffman
John Lounge
Robert Parker
Ronald Parise
Samuel Durrance
Akiyama Toyohiro
Soyuz TM-11/Mir U.S.S.R. Viktor Afanasiyev Dec. 2, 1990–May 26, 1991 (Dec. 10, 1990 [Akiyama]) first Japanese citizen in space (Akiyama)
Musa Manarov
Akiyama Toyohiro
The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory as seen through the space shuttle window during deployment in 1990.
STS-37 (Atlantis) U.S. Steven Nagel April 5–11, 1991 deployed Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Kenneth Cameron
Linda Godwin
Jerry Ross
Jerome Apt
aurora australis
STS-39 (Discovery) U.S. Michael Coats April 28–May 6, 1991 launched and recovered SPAS-2 satellite for observations of shuttle exterior
Lloyd Hammond
Gregory Harbaugh
Donald McMonagle
Guion Bluford
Charles Veach
Richard Hieb
Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalyov.
Soyuz TM-12/Mir U.S.S.R. Anatoly Artsebarsky May 18–Oct. 10, 1991 (March 25, 1992 [Krikalyov]; May 26, 1991 [Sharman]) first British astronaut (Sharman)
Sergey Krikalyov
Helen Sharman
STS-40; Bagian, James P.; Gaffney, F. Drew
STS-40 (Columbia) U.S. Bryan O'Connor June 5–14, 1991 conducted life science experiments on humans, rats, and jellyfish
Sidney Gutierrez
James Bagian
Tamara Jernigan
Rhea Seddon
Francis Gaffney
Millie Hughes-Fulford
STS-43; Blaha, John E.; Lucid, Shannon
STS-43 (Atlantis) U.S. John Blaha Aug. 2–11, 1991 launched Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
Michael Baker
Shannon Lucid
George Low
James Adamson
STS-48
STS-48 (Discovery) U.S. John Creighton Sept. 12–18, 1991 launched Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
Kenneth Reightler
Charles Gemar
James Buchli
Mark Brown
Soyuz TM-13/Mir U.S.S.R. Aleksandr Volkov Oct. 2, 1991–March 25, 1992 (Oct. 10, 1991 [Aubakirov, Viehböck]) first Austrian astronaut (Viehböck)
Toktar Aubakirov
Franz Viehböck
STS-44; Musgrave, Story; Runco, Mario
STS-44 (Atlantis) U.S. Frederick Gregory Nov. 24–Dec. 1, 1991 launched spy satellite
Terence Henricks
James Voss
Story Musgrave
Mario Runco
Thomas Hennen
Ulf Merbold.
STS-42 (Discovery) U.S. Ronald Grabe Jan. 22–30, 1992 first Canadian woman in space (Bondar)
Stephen Oswald
Norman Thagard
William Readdy
David Hilmers
Roberta Bondar
Ulf Merbold
Soyuz TM-14/Mir Russia Aleksandr Viktorenko March 17–Aug. 10, 1992 (March 25 [Flade]) first Russian spaceflight after breakup of the U.S.S.R.
Aleksandr Kalery
Klaus-Dietrich Flade
Astronaut Charles F. Bolden, 1986.
STS-45 (Atlantis) U.S. Charles Bolden March 24–April 2, 1992 first Belgian astronaut (Frimout)
Brian Duffy
Kathryn Sullivan
David Leetsma
Michael Foale
Dirk Frimout
Byron Lichtenberg
STS-49
STS-49 (Endeavour) U.S. Daniel Brandenstein May 7–16, 1992 rescued Intelsat 6 satellite; first time three astronauts walked in space simultaneously (Akers, Thuot, and Hieb)
Kevin Chilton
Richard Hieb
Bruce Melnick
Pierre Thuot
Kathryn Thornton
Thomas Akers
STS-50; Dunbar, Bonnie J.
STS-50 (Columbia) U.S. Richard Richards June 25–July 9, 1992 carried U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-1
Kenneth Bowersox
Bonnie Dunbar
Ellen Baker
Carl Meade
Lawrence DeLucas
Eugene Trinh
Soyuz TM-15/Mir Russia Anatoly Solovyov July 27, 1992–Feb. 1, 1993 (Aug. 10, 1992 [Tognini]) crew performed space walks to extend lifetime of Mir
Sergey Avdeyev
Michel Tognini
STS-46
STS-46 (Atlantis) U.S. Loren Shriver July 31–Aug. 8, 1992 first Swiss astronaut (Nicollier); first Italian astronaut (Malerba)
Andrew Allen
Claude Nicollier
Marsha Ivins
Jeffrey Hoffman
Franklin Chang-DĂ­az
Franco Malerba
Mae Jemison
STS-47 (Endeavour) U.S. Robert Gibson Sept. 12–20, 1992 first African American woman in space (Jemison); first Japanese astronaut in space (Mohri)
Curtis Brown
Mark Lee
N. Jan Davis
Jay Apt
Mae Jemison
Mohri Mamoru
STS-52; Veach, Lacy; Wetherbee, James
STS-52 (Columbia) U.S. James Wetherbee Oct. 22–Nov. 1, 1992 launched second Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS II)
Michael Baker
Charles Veach
William Shepherd
Tamara Jernigan
Steven MacLean
Guion Bluford
STS-53 (Discovery) U.S. David Walker Dec. 2–9, 1992 deployed large spy satellite
Robert Cabana
Guion Bluford
Michael Clifford
James Voss
STS-54
STS-54 (Endeavour) U.S. John Casper Jan. 13–19, 1993 deployed the sixth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS 6)
Donald McMonagle
Mario Runco
Gregory Harbaugh
Susan Helms
Soyuz TM-16/Mir Russia Gennady Manakov Jan. 24–July 22, 1993 placed docking target on Mir for use by space shuttle Atlantis
Aleksandr Poleshchuk
Ellen Ochoa
STS-56 (Discovery) U.S. Kenneth Cameron April 8–17, 1993 carried the second Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-2) to monitor yearly changes in Earth's middle atmosphere; first Hispanic American woman in space (Ochoa)
Stephen Oswald
Michael Foale
Kenneth Cockerell
Ellen Ochoa
STS-55; Schlegel, Hans; Harris, Jr., Bernard A.
STS-55 (Columbia) U.S. Steven Nagel April 26–May 6, 1993 carried Spacelab D-2
Terence Henricks
Jerry Ross
Charles Precourt
Bernard Harris
Ulrich Walter
Hans Schlegel
STS-57; Low, G. David; Wisoff, Peter J.K.
STS-57 (Endeavour) U.S. Ronald Grabe June 21–July 1, 1993 carried Spacehab laboratory
Brian Duffy
George Low
Nancy Sherlock
Peter Wisoff
Janice Voss
Soyuz TM-17/Mir Russia Vasily Tsibliyev July 1, 1993–Jan. 14, 1994 (July 22, 1993 [HaignerĂ©]) slight collision with Mir
Aleksandr Serebrov
Jean-Pierre Haigneré
STS-51; Culbertson, Frank L.
STS-51 (Discovery) U.S. Frank Culbertson Sept. 12–22, 1993 deployed two satellites
William Readdy
James Newman
Daniel Bursch
Carl Walz
STS-58; Blaha, John E., Lucid, Shannon W.
STS-58 (Columbia) U.S. John Blaha Oct. 18–Nov. 1, 1993 crew performed life science experiments; first veterinarian in space (Fettman)
Richard Searfoss
Rhea Seddon
William McArthur
David Wolf
Shannon Lucid
Martin Fettman
Hubble Space Telescope being refurbished, December 1993. Astronaut Story Musgrave is seen at the top right during the last of his five spacewalks. Australia's west coast can be seen in the background.
STS-61 (Endeavour) U.S. Richard Covey Dec. 2–13, 1993 repaired Hubble Space Telescope
Kenneth Bowersox
Kathryn Thornton
Claude Nicollier
Jeffrey Hoffman
Story Musgrave
Thomas Akers
Valery Polyakov
Soyuz TM-18/Mir Russia Viktor Afanasiyev Jan. 8–July 9, 1994 (March 22, 1995 [Polyakov]) new space endurance record (Polyakov; 437 days 18 hours)
Yury Usachyov
Valery Polyakov
STS-60
STS-60 (Discovery) U.S. Charles Bolden Feb. 3–11, 1994 carried Wake Shield Facility and Spacehab-2; first Russian on U.S. spacecraft (Krikalyov)
Kenneth Reightler
N. Jan Davis
Ronald Sega
Franklin Chang-DĂ­az
Sergey Krikalyov
STS-62; Casper, John H.; Gernar, Charles
STS-62 (Columbia) U.S. John Casper March 4–18, 1994 crew performed material science experiments
Andrew Allen
Pierre Thuot
Charles Gernar
Marsha Ivins
STS-59; Apt, Jerome
STS-59 (Endeavour) U.S. Sidney Gutierrez April 9–20, 1994 carried Space Radar Laboratory, a special mapping radar
Kevin Chilton
Jerome Apt
Michael Clifford
Linda Godwin
Thomas Jones
Soyuz TM-19
Soyuz TM-19/Mir Russia Yury Malenchenko July 1–Nov. 4, 1994 Malenchenko performed first manual docking of Progress resupply ship
Talgat Musabayev
STS-65; Mukai, Chiaki
STS-65 (Columbia) U.S. Robert Cabana July 8–23, 1994 first Japanese woman in space (Mukai)
James Halsell
Richard Hieb
Carl Walz
Leroy Chiao
Thomas Akers
Mukai Chiaki
STS-64; Lee, Mark C.
STS-64 (Discovery) U.S. Richard Richards Sept. 9–20, 1994 probed Earth's atmosphere with a laser
Lloyd Hammond
Jerry Linenger
Susan Helms
Carl Meade
Mark Lee
STS-68; Baker, Michael A.; Smith, Steven L.
STS-68 (Endeavour) U.S. Michael Baker Sept. 30–Oct. 11, 1994 second mission of Space Radar Laboratory
Terrence Wilcutt
Steven Smith
Daniel Bursch
Peter Wisoff
Thomas Jones
Soyuz TM-20
Soyuz TM-20/Mir Russia Aleksandr Viktorenko Oct. 4, 1994–March 22, 1995 (Nov. 4, 1994 [Merbold]) first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight (Kondakova)
Yelena Kondakova
Ulf Merbold
Ellen Ochoa and Donald R. McMonagle in space.
STS-66 (Atlantis) U.S. Donald McMonagle Nov. 3–14, 1994 carried third ATLAS laboratory
Curtis Brown
Ellen Ochoa
Joseph Tanner
Jean-François Clervoy
Scott Parazynski
STS-63; Harris, Bernard A., Jr.
STS-63 (Discovery) U.S. James Wetherbee Feb. 3–11, 1995 demonstrated shuttle orbiter's ability to approach and maneuver around Mir
Eileen Collins
Bernard Harris
Michael Foale
Janice Voss
Vladimir Titov
STS-67; ASTRO-2
STS-67 (Endeavour) U.S. Steven Oswald March 2–18, 1995 carried three telescopes that observed sky in ultraviolet light
William Gregory
John Grunsfeld
Wendy Lawrence
Tamara Jernigan
Samuel Durrance
Ronald Parise
Gennady Mikhailovich Strekalov playing guitar and singing with (from left to right) astronauts Charlie Precourt, Bonnie Dunbar, and Greg Harbaugh in June 1995 during the space shuttle's first visit to the Russian space station Mir.
Soyuz TM-21/Mir Russia Vladimir Dezhurov March 14–July 7, 1995 first American to fly on Russian spacecraft (Thagard); addition of Spektr module to Mir
Gennady Strekalov
Norman Thagard
Robert Gibson and Vladimir Dezhurov
STS-71 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Robert Gibson June 27–July 7, 1995 (Sept. 11 [Solovyov, Budarin]) first space shuttle visit to Mir
Charles Precourt
Ellen Baker
Gregory Harbaugh
Bonnie Dunbar
Anatoly Solovyov
Nikolay Budarin
STS-70; Thompson, Donald A.
STS-70 (Discovery) U.S. Terence Henricks July 13–22, 1995 launched final TDRS satellite
Kevin Kregel
Donald Thomas
Nancy Currie
Mary Weber
Soyuz TM-22
Soyuz TM-22/Mir Russia Yury Gidzenko Sept. 3, 1995–Feb. 29, 1996 first German to walk in space (Reiter)
Sergey Avdeyev
Thomas Reiter
STS-69; Gernhardt, Michael L.
STS-69 (Endeavour) U.S. David Walker Sept. 7–18, 1995 operated Wake Shield Facility satellite
Kenneth Cockrell
James Voss
James Newman
Michael Gernhardt
STS-73; Leslie, Fred
STS-73 (Columbia) U.S. Kenneth Bowersox Oct. 20–Nov. 5, 1995 carried Microgravity Laboratory-2 to study material growth in space
Kent Rominger
Catherine Coleman
Michael Lopez-Alegria
Kathryn Thornton
Fred Leslie
Albert Sacco
STS-74 astronauts with Mir crew
STS-74 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Kenneth Cameron Nov. 12–20, 1995 attached docking module to Mir
James Halsell
Chris Hadfield
Jerry Ross
William McArthur
STS-72; Scott, Winston F.
STS-72 (Endeavour) U.S. Brian Duffy Jan. 11–20, 1996 practiced space walks for International Space Station
Brent Jett
Leroy Chiao
Winston Scott
Wakata Koichi
Daniel Barry
Soyuz TM-23
Soyuz TM-23/Mir Russia Yuri Onufriyenko Feb. 21–Sept. 2, 1996 addition of Priroda module to Mir
Yury Usachyov
STS-75; Chang-Diaz, Franklin
STS-75 (Columbia) U.S. Andrew Allen Feb. 22–March 9, 1996 deployed Tethered Satellite System
Scott Horowitz
Jeffrey Hoffman
Maurizio Cheli
Claude Nicollier
Franklin Chang-DĂ­az
Umberto Guidoni
Lucid, Shannon Wells
STS-76 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Kevin Chilton March 22–31, 1996 (Sept. 26 [Lucid]) delivered supplies to Mir
Richard Searfoss
Ronald Sega
Michael Clifford
Linda Godwin
Shannon Lucid
STS-77
STS-77 (Endeavour) U.S. John Casper May 19–29, 1996 deployed Inflatable Antenna Experiment
Curtis Brown
Andrew Thomas
Daniel Bursch
Mario Runco
Marc Garneau
STS-78; Thirsk, Robert
STS-78 (Columbia) U.S. Terence Henricks June 20–July 7, 1996 conducted Life and Microgravity Spacelab to study biological effects of space travel
Kevin Kregel
Richard Linnehan
Susan Helms
Charles Brady
Jean-Jacques Favier
Robert Thirsk
STS-89; Lucid, Shannon; Kalery, Aleksandr Y.
Soyuz TM-24/Mir Russia Valery Korzun Aug. 17, 1996–March 2, 1997 (Sept. 2, 1996 [AndrĂ©-Deshays]) first French woman in space (AndrĂ©-Deshays)
Aleksandr Kaleri
Claudie André-Deshays
Soyuz TM and Mir
STS-79 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. William Readdy Sept. 16–26, 1996 (Jan. 22, 1997 [Blaha]) conducted experiments in Spacelab Double Module
Terrence Wilcutt
Jerome Apt
Thomas Akers
Carl Walz
John Blaha
STS-80
STS-80 (Columbia) U.S. Kenneth Cockrell Nov. 19–Dec. 7, 1996 deployed and retrieved ORFEUS-SPAS II astrophysics satellite and Wake Shield Facility
Kent Rominger
Tamara Jernigan
Thomas Jones
Story Musgrave
STS-81; Ivins, Marsha S.; Linenger, Jerry M.
STS-81 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Michael Baker Jan. 12–22, 1997 (May 24 [Linenger]) returned with first plants to complete a full life cycle in space
Brent Jett
Peter Wisoff
John Grunsfeld
Marsha Ivins
Jerry Linenger
Soyuz TM-25
Soyuz TM-25/Mir Russia Vasily Tsibliyev Feb. 10–Aug. 14, 1997 (March 2 [Ewald]) fire seriously damaged Mir's oxygen generation system (Feb. 23); collision with Progress punctured Spektr module (June 25)
Aleksandr Lazutkin
Reinhold Ewald
STS-82; Smith, Steven L.; Lee, Mark C.
STS-82 (Discovery) U.S. Kenneth Bowersox Feb. 11–21, 1997 Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
Scott Horowitz
Joseph Tanner
Steven Hawley
Gregory Harbaugh
Mark Lee
Steven Smith
STS-83; Still, Susan L.
STS-83 (Columbia) U.S. James Halsell April 4–8, 1997 carried Microgravity Science Laboratory-1; faulty fuel cell cut mission short
Susan Still
Janice Voss
Michael Gernhardt
Donald Thomas
Roger Crouch
Gregory Linteris
Eileen Collins
STS-84 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Charles Precourt May 15–24, 1997 (Oct. 6 [Foale]) carried Biorack research facility, which conducted microgravity experiments
Eileen Collins
Jean-François Clervoy
Carlos Noriega
Edward Lu
Yelena Kondakova
Michael Foale
STS-94; crew
STS-94 (Columbia) U.S. James Halsell July 1–17, 1997 reflight of STS-83
Susan Still
Janice Voss
Michael Gernhardt
Donald Thomas
Roger Crouch
Gregory Linteris
STS-86; Mir
Soyuz TM-26/Mir Russia Anatoly Solovyov Aug. 5, 1997–Feb. 19, 1998 Mir's oxygen-generation system repaired
Pavel Vinogradov
STS-85; Davis, Jan; Curbeam, Robert L., Jr.
STS-85 (Discovery) U.S. Curtis Brown Aug. 7–19, 1997 deployed spectrometers and telescopes in space for observations of Earth's atmosphere
Kent Rominger
N. Jan Davis
Robert Curbeam
Stephen Robinson
Bjarni Tryggvason
STS-86
STS-86 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. James Wetherbee Sept. 25–Oct. 6, 1997 (Jan. 31, 1998 [Wolf]) carried Spacehab module, which included replacement computer for Mir
Michael Bloomfield
Vladimir Titov
Scott Parazynski
Jean-Loup Chrétien
Wendy Lawrence
David Wolf
STS-87; Doi, Takao
STS-87 (Columbia) U.S. Kevin Kregel Nov. 19–Dec. 5, 1997 carried the fourth U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-4) and Spartan 201, a deployable pair of solar instruments; first Ukrainian astronaut (Kadenyuk)
Steven Lindsey
Kalpana Chawla
Winston Scott
Doi Takao
Leonid Kadenyuk
STS-89; Reilly, James
STS-89 (Endeavour)/Mir U.S. Terrence Wilcutt Jan. 22–31, 1998 (June 12 [Thomas]) carried out experiments in protein crystal growth
Joe Edwards
James Reilly
Michael Anderson
Bonnie Dunbar
Salizhan Sharipov
Andrew Thomas
STS-91; Precourt, Charles J.; Musabayev, Talgat A.
Soyuz TM-27/Mir Russia Talgat Musabayev Jan. 29–Aug. 25, 1998 (Feb. 19 [Eyharts]) unsuccessful attempt to repair Spektr solar panel
Nikolay Budarin
LĂ©opold Eyharts
STS-90; Buckley, Jay C.; Williams, Dafydd R.
STS-90 (Columbia) U.S. Richard Searfoss April 17–May 3, 1998 final Spacelab mission, called Neurolab
Scott Altman
Richard Linnehan
Kathryn Hire
Daffyd Williams
Jay Buckey
James Pawelczyk
STS-91
STS-91 (Discovery)/Mir U.S. Charles Precourt June 2–12, 1998 final space shuttle mission to Mir
Dominic Gorie
Franklin Chang-DĂ­az
Wendy Lawrence
Janet Kavandi
Valery Ryumin
Soyuz TM-28/Mir Russia Gennady Padalka Aug. 13, 1998–Feb. 28, 1999 (Aug. 28, 1999 [Avdeyev]; Aug. 25, 1998 [Baturin]) first Russian politician in space (Baturin)
Sergey Avdeyev
Yury Baturin
STS-95; Glenn, John
STS-95 (Discovery) U.S. Curt Brown Oct. 28–Nov. 7, 1998 carried Spacehab module; oldest person in space (Glenn); first Spanish astronaut (Duque)
Steven Lindsey
Scott Parazynski
Pedro Duque
Stephen Robinson
Mukai Chiaki
John Glenn
The first two modules of the International Space Station, the Russian-built Zarya (left, with solar wings) and the U.S.-built Unity, after having been linked by astronauts on the space shuttle Endeavour during the STS-88 mission, December 13, 1998.
STS-88 (Endeavour)/International Space Station (ISS) U.S. Robert Cabana Dec. 4–15, 1998 linked first two modules of ISS (Zarya [Russia] and Unity [U.S.])
Frederick Sturckow
Jerry Ross
Nancy Currie
James Newman
Sergey Krikalyov
Soyuz TM-29/Mir Russia Viktor Afanasiyev Feb. 20–Aug. 28, 1999 (Feb. 28 [Bella]) first Slovak astronaut (Bella)
Jean-Pierre Haigneré
Ivan Bella
STS-96; Jernigan, Tamara
STS-96 (Discovery)/ISS U.S. Kent Rominger May 27–June 6, 1999 carried supplies to ISS
Rick Husband
Tamara Jernigan
Ellen Ochoa
Daniel Barry
Julie Payette
Valery Tokarev
Chandra X-ray Observatory
STS-93 (Columbia) U.S. Eileen Collins July 23–27, 1999 launched Chandra X-ray Observatory
Jeffrey Ashby
Catherine Coleman
Steven Hawley
Michel Tognini
Hubble Space Telescope
STS-103 (Discovery) U.S. Curtis Brown Dec. 19–27, 1999 Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
Scott Kelly
Steven Smith
Jean-François Clervoy
John Grunsfeld
Michael Foale
Claude Nicollier