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Solar radiation
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Earth's axis and sunlight A flowchart diagram shows the average exchange of energy between Earth's surface, atmosphere, and space as percentages of incoming solar radiation, with arrows and labeled percentages illustrating how solar energy is absorbed, reflected, scattered, or emitted by clouds, the atmosphere, and the surface. Color-coded circles and boxes represent different forms of energy transfer, including solar radiation, longwave radiation, and non-radiative exchanges, highlighting the complexity of Earth's clima
See how differing amounts of solar radiation at the poles and Equator affect Earth's climate and atmosphere
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Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer. In 1543 he published, forward proof of a Heliocentric (sun centered) universe. Coloured stipple engraving published London 1802. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi.
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Solar radiation: References & Edit History

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Nov 09, 2026
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes. Nov 07, 2026
Add new Web site: IOPscience - Journal of Physics: Conference Series - Prediction of Solar Radiation Using Data Driven Models (PDF). Sep 08, 2026
Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Solar and Infrared Radiation. Nov 06, 2025
Add new Web site: IOPscience - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science - Mathematical model of solar radiation based on climatological data from NASA SSE (PDF). Apr 02, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Calculation and analysis of annual total solar radiation in complicated topography (PDF). Jan 22, 2025
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes. Nov 27, 2024
Add new Web site: Mustansiriyah University - Solar Radiation and its Measurements. Oct 16, 2024
Add new Web site: CORE - Solar Radiation. Sep 04, 2024
Add new Web site: Cell - Heliyon - A state of art review on estimation of solar radiation with various models. Jul 10, 2024
Add new Web site: UNESCO-EOLSS - Solar radiation energy. May 17, 2024
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Solar and Ultraviolet Radiation. Mar 22, 2024
Add new Web site: University of California - Understanding Global Change - Solar radiation. Feb 08, 2024
Add new Web site: Energy.gov - Solar Radiation Basics. Oct 27, 2023
Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Solar radiation and temperature distribution. Sep 15, 2023
Added new Web site: Window To The Universe - Solar Radiation at Earth. Dec 11, 2008
Article revised and updated. Mar 19, 2008
Added new Web site: Commonwealth of Australia - Bureau of Meteorology - Solar Radiation Map. Nov 28, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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