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A solar minimum is a period of reduced sunspot activity. The Sun experiences an approximately 11-year solar cycle where the number and size of sunspots fluctuate. During a solar minimum, this activity is significantly lower than average.

Historically, two notable periods of reduced solar activity are the Maunder minimum (1645–1715) and the Dalton minimum (c. 1790–1830). These periods coincided with cooler global temperatures, though the exact mechanism by which solar activity influences Earth's climate remains unknown. While the 11-year cycle continues during these minima, the peak sunspot numbers are much lower.

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