smart drug: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Rheanna Sand
    Rheanna Sand completed her Ph.D. in molecular neuropharmacology at the University of Alberta. She is now a Post-doctoral Research Associate in the Department of Anesthesiology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. She is the co-founder, writer, and host for the website “Science in Seconds.” She is extremely proud of her Metis heritage and feels that a unique combination of science, history, and humor is needed to fully understand the world.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Smart Drugs and Synthetic Androgens for Cognitive and Physical Enhancement: Revolving Doors of Cosmetic Neurology. Oct 17, 2026
Add new Web site: ABC listen - Nightlife - Are Nootropics ‘smart’ drugs? Nov 05, 2025
Add new Web site: British Medical Journal - Is it clever for doctors to take smart drugs? Sep 13, 2025
Add new Web site: The Lancet - How smart are smart drugs? Jul 19, 2025
Add new Web site: American Association for the Advancement of Science - Science Advances - Not so smart? “Smart” drugs increase the level but decrease the quality of cognitive effort. Jun 05, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Hertfordshire - Benefits and Harms of 'Smart Drugs' (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals (PDF). Jan 03, 2025
Add new Web site: Healthline - The 14 Best Nootropics and Smart Drugs Reviewed. Sep 26, 2024
Add new Web site: BBC - What would happen if we all took smart drugs? Aug 17, 2024
Add new Web site: Frontiers - �Smart� drug delivery: A window to future of translational medicine. May 15, 2024
Add new Web site: Nature - Smart drugs: A dose of intelligence. Apr 05, 2024
Add new Web site: Verywell Mind - What are Nootropics? Feb 21, 2024
Add new Web site: Alcohol and Drug Foundation - Cognitive enhancers. Dec 22, 2023
Add new Web site: WebMD - What Are Nootropics? Oct 12, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Smart Drugs and Synthetic Androgens for Cognitive and Physical Enhancement: Revolving Doors of Cosmetic Neurology. Sep 01, 2023
Video added. Apr 19, 2023
Removed media. Jun 09, 2022
Add new Web site: University of Washington - Neuroscience For Kids - Smart Drugs. Nov 29, 2016
New article added. Jul 27, 2016
Media added. Jul 27, 2016
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