single-molecule spectroscopy

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July 21, 2026

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Single-molecule spectroscopy is a technique that allows scientists to study the behavior of individual molecules, rather than inferring it from the average behavior of many molecules. This method was pioneered by W.E. Moerner in 1989 when he and Lothar Kador first observed light absorption by single pentacene molecules embedded in crystals.1

This technique enables detailed insights into molecular processes that would be obscured in bulk measurements. It has paved the way for advancements in single-molecule microscopy and has applications in various scientific fields. Spectrometers, which are the instruments used in spectroscopy, can be emission, absorption, or Fourier transform types, each analyzing radiation emitted or absorbed by molecules.12

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W.E. Moerner
…invented, came to be called single-molecule spectroscopy. In most chemical experiments, many molecules are studied, and the behaviour of a single molecule is inferred. However, single-molecule spectroscopy enables the study of what individual molecules are doing.
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…invented, came to be called single-molecule spectroscopy. In most chemical experiments, many molecules are studied, and the behaviour of a single molecule is inferred. However, single-molecule spectroscopy enables the study of what individual molecules are doing.
Read More