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Shivering is a biological function that helps warm-blooded animals maintain a constant internal body temperature, typically around 37°C (99°F) for mammals and 40°C (104°F) for birds. This involuntary muscle activity generates heat, which is crucial for survival in cold environments. Shivering is one of several thermoregulatory mechanisms, alongside increasing heat production and decreasing heat loss, that warm-blooded animals employ to counteract external temperature changes. Other mechanisms include panting and sweating to increase heat loss, and hibernation to decrease heat loss by slowing bodily functions. These processes are part of thermoregulation, which ensures the body's core temperature remains within an optimal range.123

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