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Seminal plasma is the fluid component of semen, which is emitted from the male reproductive tract and contains sperm cells. While sperm make up only a small percentage of semen's total volume, seminal plasma is crucial for keeping them viable and enabling fertilization.

This fluid is a complex mixture produced by various glands, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. These secretions provide nutrients like fructose, essential minerals, enzymes, and hormones that support sperm motility and protect them from the acidic environment of the male reproductive tract. The slightly alkaline pH of seminal plasma, along with the presence of oxygen and specific chemicals, is vital for sperm health and function. The average ejaculate volume in humans is between 2 to 5 ml.12

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