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A seismometer is an instrument designed to detect and measure seismic waves generated by events like earthquakes, explosions, or other ground-shaking phenomena. While seismometers detect these waves, a seismograph is the device that records them, producing a seismogram. Early seismoscopes only indicated that shaking had occurred, without a time record. Over time, instruments evolved using pendulums, mercury, and eventually electromagnetic sensors to translate ground motion into electrical signals for analog or digital recording. Modern seismographs are crucial for locating earthquakes, exploring for resources like petroleum, studying Earth's interior, and monitoring volcanic activity.12

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