seed rot

Seed rot is a plant disease caused by various soil-borne bacteria, fungi, and funguslike organisms. It leads to the decomposition and decay of seeds, often resulting in poor germination and irregular plant stands. This is particularly problematic in cold, wet, and heavy soils where seed germination is slow.1

Damping-off is a related destructive disease affecting plant seedlings. It is caused by numerous seed- and soil-borne fungi and oomycetes. Damping-off can manifest as preemergence rot, where seeds decay in the soil before sprouting, or postemergence rot, where young seedlings wilt, collapse, and die from a soft rot at the soil line.2

Both seed rot and damping-off can be mitigated by using well-drained soil, healthy seeds, and appropriate fungicides, as well as by managing soil conditions to promote healthy growth.12