s-block element

The s-block elements are found in Groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table and include the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals. These elements are characterized by having their outermost electrons in an s orbital.12

Alkali metals (Group 1) have one valence electron, making them highly reactive and prone to forming positive ions with a +1 charge. Alkaline-earth metals (Group 2) have two valence electrons and typically form ions with a +2 charge.34

Generally, atomic radius increases and ionization energy decreases down a group. Alkali metals are known for their low densities, low melting points, and high thermal and electrical conductivity. Alkaline-earth metals are also metallic, but their melting and boiling points are higher than those of alkali metals.534