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A rock burst is a violent expulsion of rock from mine walls, primarily occurring in deep mines where brittle rocks face immense pressure due to a lack of support. This phenomenon is a significant limitation in deep mining operations, where pressures can become so intense that the rock literally explodes.12

Geophysics is the study of the Earth using physical methods. It involves measuring various properties like reflectivity, magnetism, gravity, heat flow, and radioactivity. These techniques rely on differences in the physical properties of adjacent rock bodies to detect subsurface features, such as oil traps or mineral concentrations. Radioactive methods, for instance, are used to find ores or rock bodies associated with radioactive materials like uranium and thorium.3

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