resuscitation

Resuscitation is the act of reviving someone or something from apparent death, unconsciousness, or a state of inactivity. In medicine, it refers to emergency procedures to restore breathing and circulation when they have stopped, often due to trauma like a heart attack or drowning. The goal is to supply vital organs, especially the brain, with oxygen until professional help arrives.12

A common form is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which involves artificial respiration and chest compressions. While conventional CPR requires training, a "hands-only" version for adults involves continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute. Historically, various methods of artificial respiration were used, but mouth-to-mouth breathing, pioneered by Peter Safar, became widely adopted due to its effectiveness in delivering air. The combination of Safar's technique with chest compressions by William Kouwenhoven led to the development of CPR.23