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Renal colic is severe pain caused by kidney stones, which are mineral and organic matter concretions that form in the kidneys. These stones can obstruct urine flow, leading to spasms in the renal tubules. The pain typically radiates from the kidneys down through the abdomen and groin.1

Kidney stones form when mineral salts in urine become too concentrated, precipitating as crystals that can grow into stones. This can be due to metabolic conditions, infections, or reduced fluid intake. While some stones pass on their own or dissolve with medication, large stones may require surgical removal. Colic, in general, is pain produced by the muscular contractions of hollow organs when their openings are blocked.12

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2 Britannica Sources
  1. kidney stone
  2. colic

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