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Redshift
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Diagram illustrating the Doppler shift in astronomy, showing how absorption lines in a color spectrum move toward violet for approaching objects and toward red for receding objects, with labeled comparison spectra. Galaxy cluster Oval map of the cosmic microwave background radiation from NASA's WMAP mission, showing a mottled pattern of blue, green, yellow, and red representing temperature variations. Distant galactic cluster, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope.This group consists mainly of irregular galaxies; its red colour is a product of red shift.
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Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer. In 1543 he published, forward proof of a Heliocentric (sun centered) universe. Coloured stipple engraving published London 1802. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi.
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Redshift: References & Edit History

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article revised and updated. Oct 23, 2026
Invalidated site: Sky & Telescope - Redshift Record Smashed Again. Sep 29, 2026
Add new Web site: DigitalCommons at USU - Calculating Redshift via Astronomical Spectroscopy (PDF). Apr 24, 2026
Add new Web site: NASA Science - Hubble Cosmological Redshift. Aug 14, 2025
Add new Web site: Astronomy and Astrophysics - Re-evaluating the cosmological redshift: Insights into inhomogeneities and irreversible processes. Jul 03, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteseerX - Redshift Evolution of Galaxy Cluster Densities (PDF). Mar 15, 2025
Add new Web site: IOPscience - The Astrophysical Journal - A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population. Oct 08, 2024
Add new Web site: Education Resources Information Center - The Redshifts in relativity. Jul 12, 2024
Add new Web site: Khan Academy - Red shift. Jan 11, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - An explanation of redshifts in a static universe. Nov 29, 2023
Add new Web site: Las Cumbres Observatory - Redshift. Oct 06, 2023
Add new Web site: Sky & Telescope - Redshift Record Smashed Again. Aug 25, 2023
Add new Web site: The European Space Agency - What is 'red shift'? Jul 15, 2023
Add new Web site: Physics LibreTexts - Redshifts. Apr 20, 2023
Add new Web site: University of Iowa - Department of Physics and Astronomy - Imaging the Universe - Astronomical Redshift. Feb 24, 2023
Add new Web site: Space.com - Redshift and blueshift: What do they mean? Dec 30, 2022
Changed “It is generally attributed” to “It is attributed.” Changed “rapid motion” to “motion.” Feb 19, 2021
Added diagram of Doppler effect. Apr 13, 2010
"Red shift" changed to "redshift." Sep 24, 2009
Added new Web site: Hyperphysics - Red Shift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: Mullard Space Science Laboratory - Red Shift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: Roche Limit - Astronomical Redshift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: University of California - Doppler Shift - Red and blue shifts. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: University of Virginia - Redshift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: Arachnoid.com - The Red Shift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: Electric-Cosmos - Redshift. Jul 03, 2008
Added new Web site: Department of Astrophysical Sciences - Princeton University - Red Shift. Apr 19, 2007
Added new Web site: Department of Astronomy - University of Virginia - Redshift. Apr 19, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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