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Radiative forcing
Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics
Images
Bar chart comparing global mean radiative forcings from various sources since 1750, including natural and anthropogenic factors such as greenhouse gases, aerosols, and land use, with color-coded bars showing positive and negative forcing values, uncertainty ranges, and scientific understanding levels.
At a Glance
Combination shot of Grinnell Glacier taken from the summit of Mount Gould, Glacier National Park, Montana in the years 1938, 1981, 1998 and 2006.
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Radiative forcing: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Michael E. Mann
    Associate Professor of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Nov 10, 2026
Article revised and updated. Nov 02, 2022
Add new Web site: US Environmental Protection Agency - Climate Change Indicators: Climate Forcing. Nov 17, 2016
Add new Web site: American Chemical Society - Radiative Forcing. Nov 17, 2016
Add new Web site: Open Source Systems, Science, Solutions - Climate Forcing. Nov 17, 2016
Add new Web site: International Panel on Climatic Change - Radiative Forcing of Climate. Nov 17, 2016
New article added. Feb 23, 2009
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