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Putrefaction is the biochemical process where dead organic matter breaks down into simpler substances. This decomposition is often carried out by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.123

In protein-rich foods, such as meats, organisms break down proteins into amino acids and produce foul-smelling compounds like amines, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Carbohydrates are fermented into acids, alcohols, and gases, while fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. This process results in spoilage, altering the appearance, flavor, and odor of the food. Examples of putrefaction include the decay of leftovers or the breakdown of dead animals.314

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