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proton
Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics
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The Structure of an Atom Explained
atoms
Simple diagrams of protons, neutrons, and pions display yellow quark and green antiquark spheres connected by purple ribbon-like gluons, illustrating the internal structure of these atomic particles. Figure 9: Proton force. The interaction energy of two protons is shown as a function of the distance between them. At small separations, the energy is positive and the force is repulsive. At intermediate distances, the nuclear interaction is negative and the force is attractive. At distances larger than shown on the graph, the nuclear force becomes negligible and the repulsive electric force between the two charges is all that is left. The interaction depicted is for protons with antiparallel spins. measuring correlation between photons A Feynman diagram showing two protons colliding, with their quarks interacting to produce W bosons that combine into a Higgs boson, which then decays into two Z bosons and further into electron and muon pairs. Computer-generated diagram showing particle tracks from a proton-antiproton collision at the center of the UA1 detector at CERN, with labeled paths for electron and positron. Figure 13: Nuclear vibratory motion in the giant dipole resonance. Protons and neutrons move in opposite directions.
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proton: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - The Proton. Sep 11, 2026
Add new Web site: Cell Press - Biophysical Journal - Proton reactions: From basic science to biomedical applications (PDF). Apr 12, 2026
Add new Web site: PNAS - Mechanism of the formation of proton transfer pathways in photosynthetic reaction centers. Sep 13, 2025
Add new Web site: Nature - Evidence for intrinsic charm quarks in the proton. May 10, 2025
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Physical advantages of particles: protons and light ions. Dec 19, 2024
Add new Web site: EWT - What�s in a Proton? May 13, 2024
Add new Web site: IOP Science - Proton structure functions at small x. Oct 27, 2023
New text and videos added. May 30, 2023
Add new Web site: Energy Wave Theory - Proton. May 23, 2023
Add new Web site: Space.com - Protons: The essential building blocks of atoms. Feb 03, 2023
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - The Proton. Sep 22, 2022
Corrected display issue. Oct 18, 2018
Add new Web site: ThoughtCo. - Proton. May 04, 2018
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Protons. Apr 06, 2018
Add new Web site: Quatr.us - What is a Proton? Apr 04, 2014
Add new Web site: Jefferson Lab - All About Atoms. Feb 18, 2011
Add new Web site: Jefferson Lab - All About Atoms. Feb 18, 2011
Added new Web site: Window To The Universe - Proton. May 11, 2009
Added new Web site: The University of Alabama - Proton - The Charged Nucleon. Jan 11, 2008
Added new Web site: HyperPhysics - Protons and Neutron. Dec 31, 2007
Article revised and updated. Jul 20, 2006
Added new Web site: The Power of Protons: An Ongoing Attempt to Simplify the Understanding of Calculations Involving pH. Jun 29, 2006
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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