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Prosthetics is the medical and dental specialty focused on creating artificial substitutes for missing body parts. These can range from artificial limbs, such as arms and legs, to replacements for internal structures like bone, arteries, and heart valves. The field also encompasses artificial eyes and teeth, and sometimes extends to devices that improve function, like eyeglasses and hearing aids.12

The development of prosthetics has a long history, with significant advancements occurring after major wars due to the need for improved artificial limbs. Modern prosthetics benefit from biomedical engineering, utilizing lightweight materials like carbon fiber and technologies such as 3D printing for custom fits. Advanced sensors and microprocessors are also incorporated to allow for more natural movement and feedback. In dentistry, prosthodontics focuses on restoring oral function and appearance with prostheses like dentures and crowns.134

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