primary herpes simplex

Primary herpes simplex refers to the initial infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two main types: HSV-1, typically transmitted orally, causing cold sores around the mouth, and HSV-2, transmitted sexually, causing genital herpes.1

HSV-1 infections often appear as blisters or vesicles, usually around the lips and face, which heal within 6-10 days. The primary infection, especially in children, can involve severe oral inflammation, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. After the initial infection, the virus enters a latent phase in neurons. Reactivation, leading to recurring lesions, can be triggered by factors like sunburn, stress, or illness.1

HSV-2 infections have an incubation period of 2-5 days and manifest as blister-like lesions on the genitals. These can be painful and may be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes. While treatments can shorten symptoms, there is no cure for HSV infections as the virus remains latent in the body.1