postpartum period

The postpartum period, also known as the "fourth trimester," is the roughly three-month period following childbirth. During this time, mothers typically recover from delivery and adjust to caring for their infant, experiencing significant physiological, social, and emotional changes. The maternal body undergoes involution, where structures like the uterus return to their pre-pregnancy state.123

While many women experience mild, transient mood shifts known as the "baby blues," some may develop postpartum depression. This is a more serious condition characterized by symptoms like depressed mood, loss of interest, fatigue, and guilt, which can affect both mother and infant development. Postpartum depression is treatable, with psychosocial interventions often being effective.4