ponding

The term "ponding" in Earth science refers to the collection or formation of water in an area, essentially creating a pond. This can happen when water is blocked, such as by damming a stream, or simply when rain collects on a surface like a road.1

A pond itself is defined as a body of water that is typically smaller than a lake. The presence and amount of water in a wetland, which can include ponds, are significantly influenced by climate. The balance between precipitation and evaporation, along with the landscape's topography, determines where water gathers and whether it can drain away. Organisms living in these waterlogged environments must be adapted to low-oxygen conditions.23